Abstract
Postemergence grass herbicides may decrease the dependence upon the currently available preplant incorporated herbicides for weed control during alfalfa establishment. Sethoxydim, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, fenoxaprop, SC 1084 and BAS 517 02H evaluated in eight separate studies effectively controlled both annual grass weeds such as large crabgrass, fall panicum and yellow foxtail and perennial grass weeds such as quackgrass in spring seedings of alfalfa at several stages of maturity. The maximum first harvest alfalfa yields generally were obtained when the annual grass weeds were controlled prior to seven weeks after planting. In quackgrass-infested alfalfa seedings, herbicides were more effective when applied prior to the seven-leaf stage of quackgrass growth. Split and single applications of grass herbicides resulted in similar quackgrass control. Tank mixtures of grass herbicides with 2,4-DB controlled both the annual broadleaf and grass weeds. Preemergence treatments of several herbicides controlled annual grass weeds when applied at three to four times the rate required for postemergence control. Herbicides decreased total forage yields, however removal of the weed component increased alfalfa yields. Greater alfalfa yield increases were obtained at the first harvest when the weed component of the forage ranged from 50 to 90%. The weed component of the forage in addition to the time of the first harvest affected the forage quality. The CP content of the untreated annual weeds and quackgrass (8 to 15%) was lower than alfalfa (18 to 20%). The CP content of the forage increased as the weed component decreased. The ADF content of the first harvest forage varied between the annual grass weeds and alfalfa, however the higher ADF content of quackgrass (40%) compared to alfalfa (33 to 35%) will reduce the digestibility of the forage. The higher NDF content of the untreated annual grass weeds (65 to 75%) compared to alfalfa (48 to 55%) will reduce the voluntary intake of the forage. Reduced heribicide rates resulted in lower weed control but increased the CP content and decreased the ADF and NDF content of the remaining weed component. The lower weed component of the second harvest forage and the higher quality of the weed regrowth after the first harvest generally had little affect on the forage quality of the second harvest.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Seven evaluated herbicides effectively controlled annual and perennial grass weeds in spring-seeded alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Sethoxydim, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, fenoxaprop, SC 1084 and BAS 517 02He0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass weedse0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sethoxydim, fluazifop, haloxyfop, quizalofop, fenoxaprop, SC 1084 and BAS 517 02H evaluated in eight separate studies effectively controlled both annual grass weeds such as large crabgrass, fall panicum and yellow foxtail and perennial grass weeds such as quackgrass in spring seedings of alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum first-harvest alfalfa yields generally occurred when annual grass weeds were controlled before seven weeks after planting.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- annual grass weeds were controlled prior to seven weeks after plantinge0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- first harvest alfalfa yieldse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum first harvest alfalfa yields generally were obtained when the annual grass weeds were controlled prior to seven weeks after planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides controlled quackgrass more effectively before its seven-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrasse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- seven-leaf stage of quackgrass growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“herbicides were more effective when applied prior to the seven-leaf stage of quackgrass growth.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Split and single herbicide applications gave similar quackgrass control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Split and single applications of grass herbicidese0
- Interactor
- quackgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- quackgrass controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- single applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split and single applications of grass herbicides resulted in similar quackgrass control.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixes of grass herbicides with 2,4-DB controlled annual broadleaf and grass weeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Tank mixtures of grass herbicides with 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- annual broadleafe0weed
- Outcome
- annual broadleaf and grass weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tank mixtures of grass herbicides with 2,4-DB controlled both the annual broadleaf and grass weeds.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicide treatments controlled annual grass weeds at three to four times the postemergence rate.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Preemergence treatments of several herbicidese0
- Interactor
- annual grass weedse0weed
- Outcome
- annual grass weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- three to four timese0
- Comparator
- postemergence controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preemergence treatments of several herbicides controlled annual grass weeds when applied at three to four times the rate required for postemergence control.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides decreased total forage yields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Outcome
- total forage yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides decreased total forage yields”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of the weed component increased alfalfa yields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- removal of the weed componente0
- Outcome
- alfalfa yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“removal of the weed component increased alfalfa yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
First-harvest alfalfa yield increases were greater when weeds comprised 50 to 90% of forage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- first harveste0
- Outcome
- alfalfa yield increasese0
- Direction
- Greatere0
- Value
- 50 to 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater alfalfa yield increases were obtained at the first harvest when the weed component of the forage ranged from 50 to 90%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed proportion and first-harvest timing affected forage quality.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- first harveste0
- Outcome
- forage qualitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed component of the forage in addition to the time of the first harvest affected the forage quality.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated annual weeds and quackgrass had lower CP content than alfalfa.
Verbatim
e0“The CP content of the untreated annual weeds and quackgrass (8 to 15%) was lower than alfalfa (18 to 20%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage CP content increased as its weed component decreased.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- weed component decreasede0
- Outcome
- CP content of the foragee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CP content of the forage increased as the weed component decreased.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
First-harvest forage ADF content varied between annual grass weeds and alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- first harveste0
- Outcome
- ADF contente0
- Direction
- variede0
- Comparator
- annual grass weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADF content of the first harvest forage varied between the annual grass weeds and alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Quackgrass had higher ADF content than alfalfa, implying reduced forage digestibility.
Verbatim
e0“the higher ADF content of quackgrass (40%) compared to alfalfa (33 to 35%) will reduce the digestibility of the forage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated annual grass weeds had higher NDF than alfalfa, implying reduced voluntary forage intake.
Verbatim
e0“The higher NDF content of the untreated annual grass weeds (65 to 75%) compared to alfalfa (48 to 55%) will reduce the voluntary intake of the forage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide rates gave lower weed control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Reduced heribicide ratese0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced heribicide rates resulted in lower weed control”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide rates increased CP content in the remaining weeds.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Reduced heribicide ratese0
- Outcome
- CP contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced heribicide rates resulted in lower weed control but increased the CP content and decreased the ADF and NDF content of the remaining weed component.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide rates decreased ADF and NDF in the remaining weed component.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Reduced heribicide ratese0
- Outcome
- ADF and NDF contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced heribicide rates resulted in lower weed control but increased the CP content and decreased the ADF and NDF content of the remaining weed component.”
t0“alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-harvest weed content and regrowth quality had little effect on second-harvest forage quality.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- second harveste0
- Outcome
- forage quality of the second harveste0
- Direction
- little affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower weed component of the second harvest forage and the higher quality of the weed regrowth after the first harvest generally had little affect on the forage quality of the second harvest.”
t0“alfalfa”
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.