Abstract
To face pyrethroid resistance in the cotton ballworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), endosulfan (700 g/ha) has been used in a resistance management strategy for four years in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Lately the recommendation is being questioned with regard to its acute mammalian toxicity and environmental issues. Earlier works revealed that insecticides such as spinosad (48 g/ ha) and indoxacarb (25 g/ha) proved as effective as endosulfan in controlling H. armigera. In contrast to endosulfan, the activity spectrum of these non-pyrethroids insecticides appears to be restricted to a few bollworm and leaf-feeding pests. The present study pointed out the strength and weakness of these new insecticides with respect to major insect pests and beneficial species. On the basis of their activity spectrum and in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology, new IRM was designed. Indoxacarb is more appropriate in the fruiting stage (101 - 115 DAE (Days After Emergence)) as it appeared very effective against the cotton stainer Dysdercus voëlkeri (Schmidt) while showing lower performance against Earias spp. and the mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Bank). In contrast, spinosad is preferred at the vegetative stage (45-66 DAE) as it proved safer to coccinellids, more effective against Earias spp., while its lower effectiveness against D. voëlkeri suggests avoiding its positioning at the later stages of cotton growth. Various benefits related to these new insecticides strongly advise their use as alternatives to pyrethroids. However, to be more attractive, their activity needs to be reinforced by other insecticides in such a way as to control the whole arthropod pest complex.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb is more appropriate than spinosad in the fruiting stage of cotton
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- more appropriate in the fruiting stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e1“Indoxacarb is more appropriate in the fruiting stage (101 - 115 DAE (Days After Emergence)) as it appeared very effective against the cotton stainer Dysdercus voëlkeri (Schmidt)”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb was very effective against the cotton stainer Dysdercus voëlkeri in the fruiting stage
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- fruiting stagee1
- Treatment
- Indoxacarbe1
- Interactor
- Dysdercus voëlkerie1pest
- Outcome
- very effectivee1
- Direction
- very effectivee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e1“Indoxacarb is more appropriate in the fruiting stage (101 - 115 DAE (Days After Emergence)) as it appeared very effective against the cotton stainer Dysdercus voëlkeri (Schmidt)”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb showed lower performance against Earias spp. and the mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarbe1
- Second interactor
- Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Polyphagotarsonemus latuse2pest - Outcome
- lower performancee2
- Direction
- lower performancee2
EariasNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e1“Indoxacarb is more appropriate in the fruiting stage (101 - 115 DAE (Days After Emergence)) as it appeared very effective against the cotton stainer Dysdercus voëlkeri (Schmidt)”
e2“while showing lower performance against Earias spp. and the mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Bank)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad was safer to coccinellids at the vegetative stage of cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee3
- Treatment
- spinosade3
- Interactor
- coccinellidse3other
- Outcome
- safer to coccinellidse3
- Direction
- safere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e3“In contrast, spinosad is preferred at the vegetative stage (45-66 DAE) as it proved safer to coccinellids, more effective against Earias spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad was more effective against Earias spp. at the vegetative stage of cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee3
- Treatment
- spinosade3
- Outcome
- more effective against Earias spp.e3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e3“In contrast, spinosad is preferred at the vegetative stage (45-66 DAE) as it proved safer to coccinellids, more effective against Earias spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad showed lower effectiveness against D. voëlkeri in later cotton growth stages
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- later stages of cotton growthe4
- Treatment
- spinosade3
- Interactor
- D. voëlkerie4pest
- Outcome
- lower effectivenesse4
- Direction
- lower effectivenesse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e3“In contrast, spinosad is preferred at the vegetative stage (45-66 DAE) as it proved safer to coccinellids, more effective against Earias spp.”
e4“while its lower effectiveness against D. voëlkeri suggests avoiding its positioning at the later stages of cotton growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The new insecticides are recommended as alternatives to pyrethroids in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- use as alternatives to pyrethroidse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e5“Various benefits related to these new insecticides strongly advise their use as alternatives to pyrethroids”
Claim · model-written summary
The new insecticides need reinforcement by other insecticides to control the whole arthropod pest complex in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- control the whole arthropod pest complexe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the light of cotton crop and main pest pheriology”
e6“their activity needs to be reinforced by other insecticides in such a way as to control the whole arthropod pest complex”
The same questions in other papers
spinosad · Earias · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.