Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether modification to currently recommended inorganic fertilizers application (NPK) in combination with organic fertilizers in the form of farmyard manure (FYM) can improve wheat yield components and biomass under rainfed condition. Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan. Nine different combinations of NPK (control, 40-30-30, 40-30-60, 40-60-30, 4060-60, 80-30-30, 80-30-60, 80-60-30 and 80-60-60 kg ha and four different levels of FYM (control, 15, 30 and 45 t ha) using a wheat variety (Haider-2000) were studied. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with split plot arrangement replicated four times. FYM was allotted to main plots while combinations of NPK were applied to subplots. Different levels of NPK and FYM alone or in combination had significant effect on emergence m, spikes m, grains spike, biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weight. Maximum emergence m (83.5), grains spike (55.8) thousand grain weight (35.16) and biological yield (10008 kg ha) were recorded at 80-60-60 NPK ha. Maximum spikes m (201.6) were recorded at 80-60-30 kg NPK ha. Farmyard manure at 45 t ha produce the maximum spikes m (191.2), grains spike (54.4), thousand grain weight (34.69) and biological yield (10000 kg ha), while no significance difference was recorded for these parameters between 30 and 45 t FYM ha. It is concluded that 80-60-60 kg NPK ha and 30 t FYM ha have produced maximum wheat yield components and biomass under rainfed condition.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
NPK and FYM levels, alone or in combination, had a significant effect on emergence m, spikes m and grains spike of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Different levels of NPK and FYMe2
- Outcome
- emergence m, spikes m, grains spikee2
- Qualifier
- alone or in combinatione2
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e2“Different levels of NPK and FYM alone or in combination had significant effect on emergence m, spikes m, grains spike, biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK and FYM levels, alone or in combination, had a significant effect on biological yield and thousand grain weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Different levels of NPK and FYMe2
- Outcome
- biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weighte2
- Qualifier
- alone or in combinatione2
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e2“Different levels of NPK and FYM alone or in combination had significant effect on emergence m, spikes m, grains spike, biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence m was maximum (83.5) at 80-60-60 NPK ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- 80-60-60 NPK hae3
- Outcome
- emergence me3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Value
- 83.5e3
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e3“Maximum emergence m (83.5), grains spike (55.8) thousand grain weight (35.16) and biological yield (10008 kg ha) were recorded at 80-60-60 NPK ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains per spike were maximum (55.8) at 80-60-60 NPK ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- 80-60-60 NPK hae3
- Outcome
- grains spikee3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Value
- 55.8e3
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e3“Maximum emergence m (83.5), grains spike (55.8) thousand grain weight (35.16) and biological yield (10008 kg ha) were recorded at 80-60-60 NPK ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand grain weight was maximum (35.16) at 80-60-60 NPK ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- 80-60-60 NPK hae3
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Value
- 35.16e3
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e3“Maximum emergence m (83.5), grains spike (55.8) thousand grain weight (35.16) and biological yield (10008 kg ha) were recorded at 80-60-60 NPK ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield was maximum (10008 kg ha) at 80-60-60 NPK ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- 80-60-60 NPK hae3
- Outcome
- biological yielde3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Value
- 10008 kg hae3
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e3“Maximum emergence m (83.5), grains spike (55.8) thousand grain weight (35.16) and biological yield (10008 kg ha) were recorded at 80-60-60 NPK ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikes per square metre were maximum (201.6) at 80-60-30 kg NPK ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- 80-60-30 kg NPK hae4
- Outcome
- spikes me4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Value
- 201.6e4
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e4“Maximum spikes m (201.6) were recorded at 80-60-30 kg NPK ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 45 t ha gave the maximum spikes per square metre (191.2).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Farmyard manure at 45 t hae5
- Outcome
- spikes me5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 191.2e5
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e5“Farmyard manure at 45 t ha produce the maximum spikes m (191.2), grains spike (54.4), thousand grain weight (34.69) and biological yield (10000 kg ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 45 t ha gave the maximum grains per spike (54.4).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Farmyard manure at 45 t hae5
- Outcome
- grains spikee5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 54.4e5
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e5“Farmyard manure at 45 t ha produce the maximum spikes m (191.2), grains spike (54.4), thousand grain weight (34.69) and biological yield (10000 kg ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 45 t ha gave the maximum thousand grain weight (34.69).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Farmyard manure at 45 t hae5
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 34.69e5
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e5“Farmyard manure at 45 t ha produce the maximum spikes m (191.2), grains spike (54.4), thousand grain weight (34.69) and biological yield (10000 kg ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure at 45 t ha gave the maximum biological yield (10000 kg ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- Farmyard manure at 45 t hae5
- Outcome
- biological yielde5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 10000 kg hae5
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e5“Farmyard manure at 45 t ha produce the maximum spikes m (191.2), grains spike (54.4), thousand grain weight (34.69) and biological yield (10000 kg ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
For these parameters, FYM at 30 and 45 t ha did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Haider-2000e0
- Treatment
- FYMe6
- Outcome
- these parameterse6
- Direction
- no significance differencee6
- Qualifier
- emergence m, spikes m, grains spike, biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weighte2
- Comparator
- 30 and 45 t FYM hae6
- Setting
- Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e1“Field trials were conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 under rainfed conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabaq, NWFP, Pakistan”
e2“Different levels of NPK and FYM alone or in combination had significant effect on emergence m, spikes m, grains spike, biological yield (kg ha) and thousand grain weight”
e6“while no significance difference was recorded for these parameters between 30 and 45 t FYM ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 80-60-60 kg NPK ha and 30 t FYM ha give maximum wheat yield components and biomass under rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 80-60-60 kg NPK ha and 30 t FYM hae7
- Outcome
- maximum wheat yield components and biomasse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using a wheat variety (Haider-2000)”
e7“It is concluded that 80-60-60 kg NPK ha and 30 t FYM ha have produced maximum wheat yield components and biomass under rainfed condition”
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