Abstract
Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated to determine the optimum treatment combination and carrier volume for aerial application using a microfoil boom. Leafy spurge control was similar when the same herbicide treatments were applied at 94 and 47 L/ha but declined at 23 L/ha. Leafy spurge control was better when similar herbicide treatments were applied with a one-row microfoil nozzle boom compared to a two-row nozzle. Leafy spurge control 12 months after treatment tended to be better with picloram at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ae/ha applied with 2,4-D mixed amine compared to picloram plus 2,4-D dimethylamine or oil-soluble amine formulations during average growing conditions. However, picloram plus 2,4-D oil-soluble amine was the best formulation in dry conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control was similar at 94 and 47 L/ha carrier volumes.
- Taxon
- Leafy spurge
Euphorbia esulae0 - Treatment
- applied at 94 and 47 L/hae1
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- 23 L/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated”
e1“Leafy spurge control was similar when the same herbicide treatments were applied at 94 and 47 L/ha but declined at 23 L/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control declined at 23 L/ha compared with 94 and 47 L/ha.
- Taxon
- Leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- 23 L/hae1
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge controle1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Comparator
- 94 and 47 L/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated”
e1“Leafy spurge control was similar when the same herbicide treatments were applied at 94 and 47 L/ha but declined at 23 L/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control was better with a one-row microfoil nozzle boom than with a two-row nozzle boom.
- Taxon
- Leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- one-row microfoil nozzle boome2
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge controle2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- two-row nozzlee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated”
e2“Leafy spurge control was better when similar herbicide treatments were applied with a one-row microfoil nozzle boom compared to a two-row nozzle”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy spurge control 12 months after treatment tended to be better with picloram at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ae/ha with 2,4-D mixed amine than with other picloram plus 2,4-D formulations under average growing conditions.
- Taxon
- Leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- picloram at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ae/ha applied with 2,4-D mixed aminee3
- Outcome
- Leafy spurge control 12 months after treatmente3
- Direction
- tended to be bettere3
- Comparator
- picloram plus 2,4-D dimethylamine or oil-soluble amine formulationse3
- Setting
- average growing conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated”
e3“Leafy spurge control 12 months after treatment tended to be better with picloram at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ae/ha applied with 2,4-D mixed amine compared to picloram plus 2,4-D dimethylamine or oil-soluble amine formulations during average growing conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram plus 2,4-D oil-soluble amine was the best formulation in dry conditions.
- Taxon
- Leafy spurgeEuphorbia esulae0
- Treatment
- picloram plus 2,4-D oil-soluble aminee4
- Outcome
- best formulatione4
- Direction
- beste4
- Setting
- dry conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafy spurge control with picloram and various 2,4-D formulations was evaluated”
e4“picloram plus 2,4-D oil-soluble amine was the best formulation in dry conditions”
The same questions in other papers
amine · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
2,4-D · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →picloram · control · Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge)Results agree
16 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.