Abstract
Chloroplasts are commonly the site of the earliest abiotic injury visible in plant ultrastructure. In this study, six inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were used to analyze changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts and related physiological parameters under conditions of drought stress simulated by 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (-0.6 MPa) for two days. Chloroplasts of three maize lines proved to be more sensitive. They showed changes in the ultrastructure in response to drought, including damage of thylakoid membranes, an increase in the number and size of plastoglobuli, swelling of thylakoid membranes both stromal and granal, disorganization of the thylakoid membrane system, an obvious increase in the intrathylakoid space, and a decrease in the length-to-width ratio and area of chloroplasts. In addition, the contents of malondialdehyde increased markedly in the sensitive lines. Contrary to the sensitive lines, stable structures and shapes of chloroplasts were observed in the drought-resistant lines; it could be considered as an advantage contributing to drought tolerance in the plants. In addition, the drought index of leaf fresh mass (LMDI) in the drought-sensitive lines was ≤ 0.5, which was also associated with a lower content of leaf chlorophyll. In contrast, drought tolerance coincided with lesser growth reduction, and higher LMDI and leaf chlorophyll content.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Three maize lines had chloroplasts that were more drought-sensitive.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts of three maize lines proved to be more sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-sensitive lines had thylakoid membrane damage, swelling, disorganization and increased intrathylakoid space.
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- damage of thylakoid membranese0
- Qualifier
- swelling of thylakoid membranes both stromal and granale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They showed changes in the ultrastructure in response to drought, including damage of thylakoid membranes, an increase in the number and size of plastoglobuli, swelling of thylakoid membranes both stromal and granal, disorganization of the thylakoid membrane system, an obvious increase in the intrathylakoid space, and a decrease in the length-to-width ratio and area of chloroplasts.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased plastoglobuli number and size in sensitive lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the number and size of plastoglobuli”
t0“maize”
e1“in response to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased intrathylakoid space in sensitive lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an obvious increase in the intrathylakoid space”
t0“maize”
e1“in response to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced chloroplast length-to-width ratio and area in sensitive lines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the length-to-width ratio and area of chloroplasts”
t0“maize”
e1“in response to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content increased markedly in sensitive lines.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of malondialdehyde increased markedly in the sensitive lines.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-resistant lines maintained stable chloroplast structures and shapes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stable structures and shapes of chloroplasts were observed in the drought-resistant lines”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-sensitive lines had a leaf fresh-mass drought index at or below 0.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought index of leaf fresh mass (LMDI) in the drought-sensitive lines was ≤ 0.5”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower leaf chlorophyll content was associated with drought sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was also associated with a lower content of leaf chlorophyll.”
t0“maize”
e1“drought-sensitive lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought tolerance coincided with less growth reduction.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought tolerance coincided with lesser growth reduction, and higher LMDI and leaf chlorophyll content.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought tolerance coincided with a higher leaf fresh-mass drought index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought tolerance coincided with lesser growth reduction, and higher LMDI and leaf chlorophyll content.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought tolerance coincided with higher leaf chlorophyll content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought tolerance coincided with lesser growth reduction, and higher LMDI and leaf chlorophyll content.”
t0“maize”
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