Abstract
A study was carried out in 1997–2000 in a strict static field experiment at the Educational and Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of soil density, fertilization with lime and manure and soil cultivation method on the sanitary state of the experimental crops. In 1997 Elena cultivar of winter wheat, in 1998 Nadwislanski cv. of field bean, in 1999 Rodos cv. of spring barley and in 2000 Borowiak cv. of oat were cultivated. Foot-rot diseases (eyespot, foot-rot of culm base and fusarium foot-rot) occurred with greater intensity on the cereals cultivated on packed rather than on non-packed soil. Soil packing also favoured the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch on wheat, chocolate spot and leaf blotch, whereas it reduced the intensity of powdery mildew, brown rust and oat leaf spot. The application of lime significantly decreased the intensity of cereal foot-rot diseases, leaf blotch and powdery mildew. In addition, fertilisation with manure reduced the occurrence of cereal foot-rot diseases. However, it stimulated the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch and leaf blotch. In the case of the assimilation system, a correlation existed between factor I and II in relation to lime application. Lime application to packed soil reduced the development of pathogens, whereas lime applied to non-packed soil facilitated disease development. The method of soil preparation for sowing in the majority of cases had a significant effect on the sanitary state of crops. Plough skimming + deep ploughing and, to a lesser extent also subsoiling + medium ploughing, reduced the occurrence of all winter wheat diseases as well as foot-rot diseases of spring barley and oats. On the other hand, plough skimming + cultivator based cultivation-sowing equipment and, to a lesser extent also rotary-harrow type equipment, had a stimulating effect on the development of diseases, especially foot-rot.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Soil packing increased cereal foot-rot diseases.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- packede0
- Outcome
- Foot-rot diseases (eyespot, foot-rot of culm base and fusarium foot-rot)e0
- Direction
- greater intensitye0
- Comparator
- non-packed soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foot-rot diseases (eyespot, foot-rot of culm base and fusarium foot-rot) occurred with greater intensity on the cereals cultivated on packed rather than on non-packed soil”
e1“Elena cultivar of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil packing favored septoria leaf spot and glume blotch on wheat and chocolate spot and leaf blotch.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil packinge0
- Outcome
- septoria leaf spot, glume blotch on wheate0
- Direction
- favourede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil packing also favoured the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch on wheat, chocolate spot and leaf blotch”
e1“field bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil packing reduced powdery mildew, brown rust and oat leaf spot.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae1 - Outcome
- oat leaf spote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it reduced the intensity of powdery mildew, brown rust and oat leaf spot”
e1“Borowiak cv. of oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime significantly decreased cereal foot rot, leaf blotch and powdery mildew.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- application of limee0
- Outcome
- cereal foot-rot diseases, leaf blotch and powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The application of lime significantly decreased the intensity of cereal foot-rot diseases, leaf blotch and powdery mildew”
e1“Rodos cv. of spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure reduced cereal foot-rot disease occurrence.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- fertilisation with manuree0
- Outcome
- cereal foot-rot diseasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilisation with manure reduced the occurrence of cereal foot-rot diseases”
e1“Rodos cv. of spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure stimulated septoria leaf spot, glume blotch and leaf blotch.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fertilisation with manuree2
- Outcome
- septoria leaf spot, glume blotch and leaf blotche0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it stimulated the development of septoria leaf spot, glume blotch and leaf blotch”
e1“Elena cultivar of winter wheat”
e2“fertilisation with manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime reduced pathogen development on packed soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Lime application to packed soile0
- Outcome
- development of pathogense0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lime application to packed soil reduced the development of pathogens”
e1“Elena cultivar of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime facilitated disease on non-packed soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- lime applied to non-packed soile0
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lime applied to non-packed soil facilitated disease development”
e1“Elena cultivar of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil preparation method significantly affected crop sanitary state in most cases.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- method of soil preparation for sowinge0
- Outcome
- sanitary state of cropse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The method of soil preparation for sowing in the majority of cases had a significant effect on the sanitary state of crops”
e1“Elena cultivar of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Plough skimming plus deep ploughing reduced all winter wheat diseases and cereal foot rot.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Plough skimming + deep ploughinge0
- Outcome
- all winter wheat diseasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plough skimming + deep ploughing and, to a lesser extent also subsoiling + medium ploughing, reduced the occurrence of all winter wheat diseases as well as foot-rot diseases of spring barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling plus medium ploughing reduced disease occurrence to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- subsoiling + medium ploughinge0
- Outcome
- all winter wheat diseasese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsoiling + medium ploughing, reduced the occurrence of all winter wheat diseases as well as foot-rot diseases of spring barley and oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Plough skimming plus cultivator equipment stimulated disease, particularly foot rot.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- plough skimming + cultivator based cultivation-sowing equipmente0
- Outcome
- development of diseases, especially foot-rote0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plough skimming + cultivator based cultivation-sowing equipment and, to a lesser extent also rotary-harrow type equipment, had a stimulating effect on the development of diseases, especially foot-rot”
e1“Rodos cv. of spring barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary-harrow equipment stimulated disease to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- rotary-harrow type equipmente0
- Outcome
- development of diseases, especially foot-rote0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rotary-harrow type equipment, had a stimulating effect on the development of diseases, especially foot-rot”
e1“Rodos cv. of spring barley”
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