Abstract
Growers are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that their water abstractions for irrigation are reasonable, justified and environmentally sustainable. Deficit irrigation (DI) is one means of reducing water usage. However, many authors have shown that DI can reduce berry size and yield in strawberry plants. The present study demonstrated that whilst DI did detrimentally affect berry size, it had a profound influence on both fruit physiology and biochemistry. Dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weight was increased by a quarter in both primary and secondary position fruit (primary truss) from water-stressed plants as compared to fruit harvested from plants held at or near field capacity. Strawberry 'Elsanta' fruit from plants that received less water had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Concomitant to this, the concentration of some taste-related (viz. monosaccharides and sugar:acid ratios) and health-related compounds/parameters (viz. antioxidant capacity and total phenolics) were generally much greater in DI-treated fruit. Glucose and fructose concentrations were 1.2-fold higher in DI-treated as compared to non-drought-stressed fruit. Similarly, total phenolics were up to 1.4-fold higher in fruit from DI-treated plants. The effect of inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinerea on ripe fruit was also tested. Fruit derived from inoculated plants displayed symptoms of grey mould postharvest disease earlier than non-inoculated fruit, and had double the concentration of ABA. Inoculation had no significant effect on any other target analytes measured. There was no interaction between water treatment and inoculation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation detrimentally affected strawberry berry size.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRY
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- berry sizee0
- Direction
- detrimentally affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“DI did detrimentally affect berry size”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased dry matter proportion by a quarter in primary and secondary position strawberry fruit relative to fruit near field capacity.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- primary and secondary position fruit (primary truss)e0
- Treatment
- water-stressede0
- Outcome
- Dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- a quartere0
- Comparator
- plants held at or near field capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weight was increased by a quarter in both primary and secondary position fruit (primary truss) from water-stressed plants as compared to fruit harvested from plants held at or near field capacity”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit of less-watered strawberry Elsanta plants had higher abscisic acid levels.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Material
- Elsantae0
- Treatment
- less watere0
- Outcome
- levels of abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strawberry 'Elsanta' fruit from plants that received less water had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation generally increased monosaccharides and sugar:acid ratios in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DI-treatede0
- Outcome
- monosaccharides and sugar:acid ratiose0
- Direction
- generally much greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of some taste-related (viz. monosaccharides and sugar:acid ratios) and health-related compounds/parameters (viz. antioxidant capacity and total phenolics) were generally much greater in DI-treated fruit”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation generally increased antioxidant capacity and total phenolics in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DI-treatede0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity and total phenolicse0
- Direction
- generally much greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“health-related compounds/parameters (viz. antioxidant capacity and total phenolics) were generally much greater in DI-treated fruit”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose concentration was 1.2-fold higher in deficit-irrigated than non-drought-stressed strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DI-treatede0
- Outcome
- Glucosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.2-folde0
- Comparator
- non-drought-stressed fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose and fructose concentrations were 1.2-fold higher in DI-treated as compared to non-drought-stressed fruit”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose concentration was 1.2-fold higher in deficit-irrigated than non-drought-stressed strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DI-treatede0
- Outcome
- fructosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.2-folde0
- Comparator
- non-drought-stressed fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose and fructose concentrations were 1.2-fold higher in DI-treated as compared to non-drought-stressed fruit”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolics were up to 1.4-fold higher in fruit from deficit-irrigated strawberry plants.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- DI-treatede0
- Outcome
- total phenolicse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 1.4-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total phenolics were up to 1.4-fold higher in fruit from DI-treated plants”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from Botrytis-inoculated strawberry plants developed grey mould symptoms earlier than non-inoculated fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinereae1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- symptoms of grey mould postharvest diseasee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit derived from inoculated plants displayed symptoms of grey mould postharvest disease earlier than non-inoculated fruit”
e1“inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinerea”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from Botrytis-inoculated strawberry plants had double the ABA concentration.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinereae1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of ABAe0
- Direction
- doublee0
- Value
- doublee0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit derived from inoculated plants displayed symptoms of grey mould postharvest disease earlier than non-inoculated fruit, and had double the concentration of ABA”
e1“inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinerea”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis inoculation had no significant effect on other measured target analytes in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinereae1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- any other target analytes measurede0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation had no significant effect on any other target analytes measured”
e1“inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinerea”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no interaction between water treatment and Botrytis inoculation in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- STRAWBERRYFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- interaction between water treatment and inoculatione0
- Direction
- no interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no interaction between water treatment and inoculation”
e1“inoculation at anthesis with Botrytis cinerea”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.