Abstract
Drought stress severely restricts plant growth, productivity and the functioning of their physiological structures. This study investigated the effects of humic acid (2.5 mL/L), urea (200 kg/ha), and a microalgal biostimulant (MB) (3 mg/100 g extract) on the vegetative growth, yield, and physiological and biochemical characteristics of pea (Pisum sativum L.) under varying drought conditions applied at control (100% FC), 70%, 40%, and 25% field capacity (FC). The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed significant effects of treatments on growth and physiological traits (p ≤ 0.05). The treatments significantly enhanced growth and yield traits, where humic acid notably increased plant height and biomass production by 35.65%, while MB application improved leaf area by 22.96% and pod length by 60.40%. Urea treatments increased the chlorophyll levels of the plants (SPAD values increased by 35.24%) and MB treatments increased the amount of relative water content in the plants (9.54%) and the protein accumulation (38.88%). These improvements were accompanied by a significant increase in osmotic adjustment, as seen in the amount of proline accumulation (+ 16.40%), due to increased levels of phenolics and greater total antioxidant activity and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and indicating reduced oxidative damage. The combined application of humic acid, nitrogen, and microalgal biostimulants synergistically enhanced drought tolerance in pea plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased pea height and biomass production by 35.65%.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- humic acide0
- Outcome
- plant height and biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“humic acid notably increased plant height and biomass production by 35.65%”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microalgal biostimulant improved leaf area by 22.96%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- MB applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 22.96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MB application improved leaf area by 22.96%”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microalgal biostimulant improved pod length by 60.40%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- MB applicatione0
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 60.40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MB application improved leaf area by 22.96% and pod length by 60.40%”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased chlorophyll SPAD values by 35.24%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Urea treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea treatments increased the chlorophyll levels of the plants (SPAD values increased by 35.24%)”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microalgal biostimulant increased relative water content by 9.54%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- MB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MB treatments increased the amount of relative water content in the plants (9.54%)”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Microalgal biostimulant increased protein accumulation by 38.88%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- MB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38.88%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MB treatments increased the amount of relative water content in the plants (9.54%) and the protein accumulation (38.88%)”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments increased proline accumulation by 16.40%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- + 16.40%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant increase in osmotic adjustment, as seen in the amount of proline accumulation (+ 16.40%)”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments increased phenolics, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- phenolics and greater total antioxidant activity and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased levels of phenolics and greater total antioxidant activity and enhancement of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase)”
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatments enhanced drought tolerance in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- combined application of humic acid, nitrogen, and microalgal biostimulantse0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of humic acid, nitrogen, and microalgal biostimulants synergistically enhanced drought tolerance in pea plants”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 25 papers →nitrogen · physiology: pigments · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
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other · physiology: water · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.