Abstract
Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a key Rabi pulse crop in India; however, its productivity is severely constrained by weed infestation, causing substantial yield losses. Reliance on manual weeding is increasingly impractical, necessitating integrated approaches combining chemical weed control and nutrient management. Aim: The field experiment aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy of herbicide combinations integrated with nutrient management practices on weed dynamics and productivity of chickpea. Method: During Rabi 2023–24, a Factorial Randomized Block Design field experiment was conducted at Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, comprising six weed management and four nutrient management treatments. Herbicide regimes included pre- and post-emergence applications such as pendimethalin, imazethapyr, oxyfluorfen and quizalofop, alongside weed-free and weedy checks. Observations on weed density, weed dry matter and yield attributes were recorded. Results: Results indicated that weed-free treatment recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry matter, resulting in the highest grain yield. Among herbicidal treatments, imazethapyr + imazamox was most effective and at par with oxyfluorfen, followed by quizalofop in reducing weed pressure. Grain yield ranged from 1.00 t ha⁻¹ under weedy check to 1.99 t ha⁻¹ under weed-free conditions, with comparable performance of imazethapyr + imazamox (up to 2.02 t ha⁻¹). Nutrient management showed that 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB performed best and was at par with 100% RDF, improving crop productivity. Conclusion: Integrated weed and nutrient management significantly improved weed control efficiency and chickpea productivity. The combination of imazethapyr + imazamox or oxyfluorfen followed by quizalofop along with 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB is recommended for effective weed suppression and higher yield under similar agro-climatic conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free treatment gave the lowest weed density and dry matter.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- weed-free treatmente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and weed dry mattere0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed-free treatment recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry matter”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free treatment gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- weed-free treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed-free treatment recorded the lowest weed density and weed dry matter, resulting in the highest grain yield.”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazamox was most effective at reducing weed pressure and at par with oxyfluorfen.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- oxyfluorfene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr + imazamox was most effective and at par with oxyfluorfen, followed by quizalofop in reducing weed pressure.”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyfluorfen was at par with imazethapyr plus imazamox in reducing weed pressure.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfene0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr + imazamox was most effective and at par with oxyfluorfen, followed by quizalofop in reducing weed pressure.”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quizalofop followed the leading herbicides in reducing weed pressure.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- quizalofope0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr + imazamox was most effective and at par with oxyfluorfen, followed by quizalofop in reducing weed pressure.”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check grain yield was 1.00 t ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- weedy checke0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Value
- 1.00 t ha⁻¹e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield ranged from 1.00 t ha⁻¹ under weedy check to 1.99 t ha⁻¹ under weed-free conditions”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free grain yield was 1.99 t ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- weed-free conditionse0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Value
- 1.99 t ha⁻¹e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield ranged from 1.00 t ha⁻¹ under weedy check to 1.99 t ha⁻¹ under weed-free conditions”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr plus imazamox yielded up to 2.02 t ha⁻¹, comparable with weed-free treatment.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- imazethapyr + imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- performancee0
- Value
- 2.02 t ha⁻¹e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comparable performance of imazethapyr + imazamox (up to 2.02 t ha⁻¹)”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
75% RDF plus Rhizobium plus PSB performed best, at par with 100% RDF, improving productivity.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSBe0
- Second interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- crop productivitye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- 100% RDFe0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB performed best and was at par with 100% RDF, improving crop productivity.”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed and nutrient management significantly improved weed control efficiency and productivity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Integrated weed and nutrient managemente0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency and chickpea productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated weed and nutrient management significantly improved weed control efficiency and chickpea productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend imazethapyr plus imazamox or oxyfluorfen followed by quizalofop with 75% RDF plus Rhizobium plus PSB for weed suppression and yield.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- imazethapyr + imazamox or oxyfluorfen followed by quizalofop along with 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSBe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- effective weed suppression and higher yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of imazethapyr + imazamox or oxyfluorfen followed by quizalofop along with 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB is recommended for effective weed suppression and higher yield”
e1“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizobium · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
116 papers more in this group
See all 120 papers →quizalofop · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Oxyfluorfen · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Imazethapyr · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →imazamox · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →herbicide · weed · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →herbicide · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
111 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
117 papers more in this group
See all 121 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.