Abstract
A field investigation was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons at Research Farm of Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India to assess the efficacy of various herbicide treatments and their impact on weed control, yield and economics in chickpea cultivation. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design (RBD) with three replications. Nine herbicidal treatments were evaluated, along with a weed free and weedy check. Among pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) were applied alone or in combination with hand weeding (HW). Among post-emergence (PoE) herbicides oxyfluorfen, topramezone and imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) were applied. Among PRE herbicides, pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HW (T7) recorded with highest weed control efficiency (91.8 and 87.2) and percent weed control (86.5 and 86.4) during first and second year of experiment. While among PoE, Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM), PoE at 100 g ha-1 (T9) recorded with excellent weed control efficiency and percent weed control of narrow-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds at all stages of crop growth during both years of experiment. Severe phytotoxicity (80 % and 85 %) to chickpea crop upon PoE application of oxyfluorfen (T5). Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) followed by one HW recorded with 56.1 and 52.7 % increase in seed yield over weedy check during first and second year of experiment, respectively. Maximum benefit to cost (B:C) was calculated from T6- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE (2.04 and 1.77) followed by T7 (1.98 and 1.82) and minimum from T5 (0.64 and 0.59) during first and second year, respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence pendimethalin plus imazethapyr followed by hand weeding gave the highest weed control efficiency in year one at 91.8.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 91.8e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HW (T7) recorded with highest weed control efficiency (91.8 and 87.2)”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest weed control efficiency in year two at 87.2.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 87.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HW (T7) recorded with highest weed control efficiency (91.8 and 87.2)”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment gave percent weed control of 86.5 in year one.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- percent weed controle0
- Value
- 86.5e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HW (T7) recorded with highest weed control efficiency (91.8 and 87.2) and percent weed control (86.5 and 86.4)”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment gave percent weed control of 86.4 in year two.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- percent weed controle0
- Value
- 86.4e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE followed by one HW (T7) recorded with highest weed control efficiency (91.8 and 87.2) and percent weed control (86.5 and 86.4)”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence imazethapyr plus imazamox at 100 g ha-1 achieved excellent control of narrow-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds in both years.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM), PoE at 100 g ha-1e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency and percent weed control of narrow-leaf, broad-leaf and total weedse0
- Qualifier
- at all stages of crop growth during both years of experimente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr + imazamox (RM), PoE at 100 g ha-1 (T9) recorded with excellent weed control efficiency and percent weed control of narrow-leaf, broad-leaf and total weeds at all stages of crop growth during both years of experiment”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence oxyfluorfen caused 80% chickpea phytotoxicity in year one.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PoE application of oxyfluorfene0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Value
- 80 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe phytotoxicity (80 % and 85 %) to chickpea crop upon PoE application of oxyfluorfen (T5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence oxyfluorfen caused 85% chickpea phytotoxicity in year two.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PoE application of oxyfluorfene0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Value
- 85 %e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe phytotoxicity (80 % and 85 %) to chickpea crop upon PoE application of oxyfluorfen (T5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus imazethapyr followed by hand weeding increased seed yield by 56.1% over the weedy check in year one.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 56.1 and 52.7 %e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) followed by one HW recorded with 56.1 and 52.7 % increase in seed yield over weedy check during first and second year of experiment”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased seed yield by 52.7% over the weedy check in year two.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) followed by one HWe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 52.7 %e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) followed by one HW recorded with 56.1 and 52.7 % increase in seed yield over weedy check during first and second year of experiment”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence pendimethalin plus imazethapyr had the maximum benefit-to-cost ratio, 2.04 and 1.77 across the two years.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PREe0
- Outcome
- benefit to cost (B:C)e0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 2.04 and 1.77e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum benefit to cost (B:C) was calculated from T6- pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) PRE (2.04 and 1.77)”
e1“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
T7 ranked next for benefit-to-cost ratio at 1.98 and 1.82.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- T7e0
- Outcome
- benefit to cost (B:C)e1
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 1.98 and 1.82e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by T7 (1.98 and 1.82)”
e1“benefit to cost (B:C)”
e2“in chickpea cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 had the minimum benefit-to-cost ratio, 0.64 and 0.59.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Outcome
- benefit to cost (B:C)e1
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.64 and 0.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum from T5 (0.64 and 0.59)”
e1“benefit to cost (B:C)”
e2“in chickpea cultivation”
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See all 121 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.