Paper · 2026 · International Journal of Agronomy

Elicitors Enhance Yield and Secondary Metabolites in Tomato Cultivation: Experimental Validation

Arrin Rosmala; Imelda Marissa; Jajang Sauman Hamdani; et al.

14
claims
41
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Tomatoes are a valuable horticultural product rich in essential nutrients. Elicitors can enhance their taste and nutritional quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various elicitors on the morphology, physiology, productivity, and phytochemistry of tomatoes. To achieve this goal, four treatments of elicitors were selected in a nonfactorial, randomized complete block design: E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ). Results showed that the NaCl application increased lycopene (2.18%), total sugar (19,05%), and antioxidant activity (3.71%). SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%), respectively. MJ application increased beta‐carotene (215.98%), total soluble solids (7.75%), titratable acidity (44.44%), and antioxidant activity (2.40%), respectively. The study confirms that SA is an effective elicitor for improving tomato production and secondary metabolite content. These preliminary results suggest SA’s potential for improving tomato cultivation, though field trials are needed to confirm efficacy under agricultural conditions.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 14

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NaCl increased tomato lycopene by 2.18%.

Treatment
NaCle0e1
Outcome
lycopenee0
Direction
increasede0
Value
2.18%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“the NaCl application increased lycopene (2.18%), total sugar (19,05%), and antioxidant activity (3.71%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–621 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NaCl increased tomato total sugar by 19,05%.

Treatment
NaCle0e1
Outcome
total sugare0
Direction
increasede0
Value
19,05%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“the NaCl application increased lycopene (2.18%), total sugar (19,05%), and antioxidant activity (3.71%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–621 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NaCl increased tomato antioxidant activity by 3.71%.

Treatment
NaCle0e1
Outcome
antioxidant activitye0
Direction
increasede0
Value
3.71%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“the NaCl application increased lycopene (2.18%), total sugar (19,05%), and antioxidant activity (3.71%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 518–621 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato fruit number per truss by 107.05%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
fruit number per trusse0
Direction
improvede0
Value
107.05%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato fruit set by 88.32%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
fruit sete0
Direction
improvede0
Value
88.32%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato proline by 32.41%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
prolinee0
Direction
improvede0
Value
32.41%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato pH by 14.21%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
pHe0
Direction
improvede0
Value
14.21%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato total flavonoids by 1081.21%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
total flavonoidse0
Direction
improvede0
Value
1081.21%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

SA improved tomato antioxidant activity by 0.63%.

Treatment
SAe0e1
Outcome
antioxidant activitye0
Direction
improvede0
Value
0.63%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA application improved fruit number per truss (107.05%), fruit set (88.32%), proline (32.41%), pH (14.21%), total flavonoids (1081.21%), and antioxidant activity (0.63%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 623–793 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MJ increased tomato beta‐carotene by 215.98%.

Treatment
MJe0e1
Outcome
beta‐carotenee0
Direction
increasede0
Value
215.98%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“MJ application increased beta‐carotene (215.98%), total soluble solids (7.75%), titratable acidity (44.44%), and antioxidant activity (2.40%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–950 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MJ increased tomato total soluble solids by 7.75%.

Treatment
MJe0e1
Outcome
total soluble solidse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
7.75%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“MJ application increased beta‐carotene (215.98%), total soluble solids (7.75%), titratable acidity (44.44%), and antioxidant activity (2.40%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–950 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MJ increased tomato titratable acidity by 44.44%.

Treatment
MJe0e1
Outcome
titratable aciditye0
Direction
increasede0
Value
44.44%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“MJ application increased beta‐carotene (215.98%), total soluble solids (7.75%), titratable acidity (44.44%), and antioxidant activity (2.40%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–950 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

MJ increased tomato antioxidant activity by 2.40%.

Treatment
MJe0e1
Outcome
antioxidant activitye0
Direction
increasede0
Value
2.40%e0
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“MJ application increased beta‐carotene (215.98%), total soluble solids (7.75%), titratable acidity (44.44%), and antioxidant activity (2.40%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 809–950 · show in text ↑
e1

“E0 = control; E 1 = 160 mM NaCl; E 2 = 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA); E 3 = 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (MJ)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–496 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors identify SA as an effective elicitor for tomato production and secondary metabolite content.

Treatment
SAe0
Outcome
improving tomato production and secondary metabolite contente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–59 · show in text ↑
e0

“SA is an effective elicitor for improving tomato production and secondary metabolite content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 990–1082 · show in text ↑

sodium chloride · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

14 papers: 11 positive, 3 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. no effect

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

(-)-methyl jasmonate · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

17 papers: 13 positive, 4 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

21 papers: 19 positive, 2 negative or no effect

18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

17 papers more in this group

See all 21 papers →

salicylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

26 papers: 24 positive, 2 negative or no effect

23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

22 papers more in this group

See all 26 papers →

sodium chloride · quality: sugar starch · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 17 positive, 1 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

salicylic acid · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results

48 papers: 45 positive, 3 negative or no effect

44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

44 papers more in this group

See all 48 papers →

(-)-methyl jasmonate · quality: sugar starch · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

salicylic acid · soil: chemistry · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.