Abstract
Early frost during the R6 and R7 maturity stages of soybean (Glycine max L.) usually causes immature (green or semi-green) crops to be harvested. These immature soybean seeds have a shrunken appearance, green tone, and high chlorophyll content in the oil, leading to heavy discounts for farmers at the elevator. Previous lab-scale storage studies have shown that seed color can change under light and warm temperatures; however, light cannot be added to a commercial storage bin. Therefore, this study examined the effect of field drying and storage conditions on immature soybean color and oil quality. Soybean planted in two plots were desiccated at the R6 and R7 maturity stages and then allowed to field dry. The field-dried desiccated soybeans were conditioned to moisture contents (MCs) of 12 and 17% and stored in airtight plastic bags at respective temperatures of 4 °C and 22.5 °C for 24 weeks. Seed color, mold, and oil quality were analyzed at intervals of 0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The desiccated R6 seeds’ color “a” value significantly changed during field drying from (−9.75 to +0.19) and (−8.96 to +1.95) for Plot 1 and Plot 2, respectively. This means that the color changed from green to a golden yellow or light greenish-brown color after field drying. The chlorophyll content of the desiccated soybeans after field drying at the two maturity stages for both plots was less than 3 mg kg−1 of oil and was relatively stable throughout storage. During storage, at 17% moisture content and 22.5 °C, mold counts increased significantly for R6, R7, and R8 (frozen) control soybeans between weeks 0 and 4 to 4.36 CFU g−1, 5.93 CFU g−1 and 6.22 CFU g−1, respectively. Peroxide and free fatty acid values were within acceptable limits across all storage temperatures and moisture contents. This study suggests that favorable weather conditions for field drying after an early frost have the potential to improve the color of harvested and stored soybeans, similar to mature soybeans.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Field drying changed R6 seed color in Plot 1 from −9.75 to +0.19.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- R6 seedse0
- Treatment
- field dryinge0
- Outcome
- color “a” valuee0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- −9.75 to +0.19e0
- Setting
- Plot 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“desiccated R6 seeds’ color “a” value significantly changed during field drying from (−9.75 to +0.19) and (−8.96 to +1.95) for Plot 1 and Plot 2, respectively”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field drying changed R6 seed color in Plot 2 from −8.96 to +1.95.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- R6 seedse0
- Treatment
- field dryinge0
- Outcome
- color “a” valuee0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- −8.96 to +1.95e0
- Setting
- Plot 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“desiccated R6 seeds’ color “a” value significantly changed during field drying from (−9.75 to +0.19) and (−8.96 to +1.95) for Plot 1 and Plot 2, respectively”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
After field drying, seed color shifted from green to golden yellow or light greenish brown.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- field dryinge0
- Outcome
- golden yellow or light greenish-brown colore0
- Direction
- changede0
- Comparator
- greene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“color changed from green to a golden yellow or light greenish-brown color after field drying”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil chlorophyll after field drying was below 3 mg kg−1 and stable in storage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Value
- less than 3 mg kg−1 of oile0
- Qualifier
- relatively stable throughout storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content of the desiccated soybeans after field drying at the two maturity stages for both plots was less than 3 mg kg−1 of oil and was relatively stable throughout storage”
Claim · model-written summary
R6 soybean mold counts rose to 4.36 CFU g−1 in four weeks at 17% moisture and 22.5 °C.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R6e0
- Treatment
- 17% moisture content and 22.5 °Ce0
- Outcome
- mold countse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.36 CFU g−1e0
- Comparator
- weeks 0 and 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 17% moisture content and 22.5 °C, mold counts increased significantly for R6, R7, and R8 (frozen) control soybeans between weeks 0 and 4 to 4.36 CFU g−1, 5.93 CFU g−1 and 6.22 CFU g−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
R7 soybean mold counts rose to 5.93 CFU g−1 in four weeks at 17% moisture and 22.5 °C.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R7e0
- Treatment
- 17% moisture content and 22.5 °Ce0
- Outcome
- mold countse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.93 CFU g−1e0
- Comparator
- weeks 0 and 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 17% moisture content and 22.5 °C, mold counts increased significantly for R6, R7, and R8 (frozen) control soybeans between weeks 0 and 4 to 4.36 CFU g−1, 5.93 CFU g−1 and 6.22 CFU g−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Frozen R8 control soybean mold counts rose to 6.22 CFU g−1 in four weeks.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R8 (frozen)e0
- Treatment
- 17% moisture content and 22.5 °Ce0
- Outcome
- mold countse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.22 CFU g−1e0
- Comparator
- weeks 0 and 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 17% moisture content and 22.5 °C, mold counts increased significantly for R6, R7, and R8 (frozen) control soybeans between weeks 0 and 4 to 4.36 CFU g−1, 5.93 CFU g−1 and 6.22 CFU g−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxide and free fatty acid values stayed within acceptable limits across storage conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Peroxide and free fatty acid values were within acceptable limitse0
- Qualifier
- across all storage temperatures and moisture contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peroxide and free fatty acid values were within acceptable limits across all storage temperatures and moisture contents”
e1“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest favorable field drying weather can improve harvested soybean color.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- favorable weather conditions for field drying after an early frost have the potential to improve the color of harvested and stored soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“favorable weather conditions for field drying after an early frost have the potential to improve the color of harvested and stored soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: postharvest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.