Abstract
Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied, but gaps remain in our understanding of the effects of insect-vectored viruses on yield and quality. Common alfalfa viruses transmitted by pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), include alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, Alfamovirus), bean leafroll virus (BLRV, Polerovirus), and pea streak virus (PeSV, Carlavirus), but their yield effects are poorly understudied. In addition, the recent discovery of Snake River alfalfa virus (SRAV), which is widely distributed in alfalfa in the Northwest US, warrants investigation into its mode of transmission and possible effects on yield and quality. A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Although insecticides reduced aphid and thrips densities, yield did not differ between treatments, except for one cutting in 1 year that showed slightly higher yield in the check. Insecticide-treated plots generally had lower densities of beneficial insects, which might have contributed to this difference. Forage quality metrics showed no clear differences between treatments. Virus prevalence was similarly unaffected by treatment, though higher AMV and PeSV prevalence was observed in the second crop year. Greenhouse experiments indicated that western flower thrips is not a vector of SRAV. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of SRAV and of aphid-transmitted viruses in older alfalfa stands underscore the need for further study on virus effects on alfalfa yield and quality over longer time periods.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide rotation reduced aphid and thrips densities in alfalfa compared with a non-treated check.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- rotation of insecticidese1
- Interactor
- pea aphids
-PLoS.jpg?width=60)
Acyrthosiphon pisume1pest - Second interactor
- western flower thrips
Frankliniella occidentalise1pest - Outcome
- aphid and thrips densitiese2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
- Setting
- fielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-PLoS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e2“Although insecticides reduced aphid and thrips densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield did not differ between insecticide-rotation and non-treated check treatments in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- rotation of insecticidese1
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- did not differe3
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e3“yield did not differ between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
One cutting in one year yielded slightly more in the non-treated check than in the insecticide treatment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- rotation of insecticidese1
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- one cutting in 1 yeare4
- Comparator
- checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e4“except for one cutting in 1 year that showed slightly higher yield in the check”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-treated plots generally had lower densities of beneficial insects than the non-treated check.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Insecticide-treated plotse5
- Outcome
- densities of beneficial insectse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- might have contributed to this differencee5
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e5“Insecticide-treated plots generally had lower densities of beneficial insects, which might have contributed to this difference”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage quality metrics showed no clear differences between insecticide-rotation and non-treated check treatments.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- rotation of insecticidese1
- Outcome
- Forage quality metricse6
- Direction
- no clear differencese6
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e6“Forage quality metrics showed no clear differences between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus prevalence in alfalfa was unaffected by the insecticide treatment.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- rotation of insecticidese1
- Outcome
- Virus prevalencee7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
- Comparator
- non-treated checke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e1“A 2-year field experiment compared a non-treated check versus a rotation of insecticides targeting pea aphids and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)”
e7“Virus prevalence was similarly unaffected by treatment, though higher AMV and PeSV prevalence was observed in the second crop year”
Claim · model-written summary
AMV and PeSV prevalence in alfalfa was higher in the second crop year.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- AMVe7pathogen
- Second interactor
- PeSVPea streak viruse7pathogen
- Outcome
- AMV and PeSV prevalencee7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- in the second crop yeare7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e7“Virus prevalence was similarly unaffected by treatment, though higher AMV and PeSV prevalence was observed in the second crop year”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse experiments western flower thrips was not a vector of SRAV in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalise6pest
- Second interactor
- SRAVe6pathogen
- Outcome
- vector of SRAVe6
- Setting
- Greenhouse experimentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e6“Greenhouse experiments indicated that western flower thrips is not a vector of SRAV”
Claim · model-written summary
SRAV and aphid-transmitted viruses had a high prevalence in older alfalfa stands.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- SRAVe5pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalence of SRAV and of aphid-transmitted virusese5
- Qualifier
- in older alfalfa standse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) from insect pests and microbial pathogens has been extensively studied”
e5“Nevertheless, the high prevalence of SRAV and of aphid-transmitted viruses in older alfalfa stands underscore the need for further study on virus effects on alfalfa yield and quality over longer time periods”
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