Abstract
The use of wastewater for irrigation in agricultural soils offers a sustainable means to reduce freshwater consumption and recycle nutrients, but also poses contamination risks associated with emerging pollutants. Furthermore, potentially toxic transformation products may form in soil and rhizosphere, and could subsequently be taken up by plants. Several products containing spores of symbiotic fungi are available and could serve as effective solutions to enhance the biodegradation of micropollutants in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater. In this study, the effect of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the distribution of two emerging contaminants, carbamazepine and climbazole, and their main transformation products among soil and lettuce tissues was investigated under controlled conditions. Physiological effects were also investigated by quantifying phytohormones in roots and leaves. Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum did not significantly affect the uptake of the parent compounds but increased the concentration of their transformation products in soil and reduced their levels in plant leaves after three weeks. The fungus enhanced plant biomass and altered certain phytohormones involved in defense mechanisms such as salicylic acid and microbiome recruitment in roots and soils. Findings of this study provide valuable insights that can be effectively applied to crop cultivation using reclaimed wastewater, leveraging readily available biological products for improved sustainable practices.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not significantly affect lettuce uptake of parent contaminants.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0symbiont - Outcome
- uptake of the parent compoundse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum did not significantly affect the uptake of the parent compounds”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased transformation product concentrations in soil.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of their transformation products in soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum did not significantly affect the uptake of the parent compounds but increased the concentration of their transformation products in soil”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation reduced transformation product levels in lettuce leaves after three weeks.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0symbiont
- Outcome
- levels in plant leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after three weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum did not significantly affect the uptake of the parent compounds but increased the concentration of their transformation products in soil and reduced their levels in plant leaves after three weeks.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus enhanced lettuce biomass.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianumt0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungus enhanced plant biomass”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum enhances lettuce biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus altered salicylic acid and other phytohormones associated with defence in roots and soils.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianumt0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianumTrichoderma harzianumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- certain phytohormones involved in defense mechanisms such as salicylic acide0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altered certain phytohormones involved in defense mechanisms such as salicylic acid and microbiome recruitment in roots and soils.”
t0“Trichoderma harzianum enhances lettuce biomass”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
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- positive
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.