Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a destructive disease threatening global cotton production, leading to severe yield and fiber quality losses. Cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) are known to be crucial for fungal pathogenicity, but the specific roles of individual endoglucanases V. dahliae virulence remain poorly understood. This study characterized an endoglucanase gene VdEGe1 to elucidate its function and mechanistic contribution to V. dahliae pathogenicity. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify endoglucanase genes in the V. dahliae genome, followed by phylogenetic clustering. Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) was employed to specifically inhibit VdEGe1 expression to evaluate the cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Knockout mutagenesis in V. dahliae was used to assess the roles of VdEGe1 in fungal growth, development, and pathogenicity. Secretory activity of VdEGe1 was validated using a yeast signal peptide trap system, and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana were conducted to evaluate cell death induction. Secretome profiling was analyzed to decipher the pathogenic mechanisms associated with VdEGe1. VdEGe1 was classified into the glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45). HIGS of VdEGe1 significantly reduced Verticillium wilt symptoms, disease index, and fungal biomass in infected cotton. The ΔVdEGe1 knockout mutant exhibited impaired colony expansion, hyphal growth, sporulation, and spore germination, accompanied by severely attenuated virulence. VdEGe1 was confirmed as a secreted protein but did not trigger or suppress cell death in N. benthamiana. Secretome analysis identified 311 differentially expressed secretory proteins, with 156 being down-regulated. The VdEGe1 deletion mutant exhibited a significant down-regulation of mitochondrial-related proteins and several carbohydrate-active enzymes, accompanied by a decrease in intracellular ATP levels and a slower growth rate on media containing various carbon sources. VdEGe1 deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired carbon utilization, which induces energy starvation in V. dahliae, thereby compromising its growth, development and virulence. These findings provide novel molecular insights into V. dahliae-host interactions and lay a theoretical foundation for developing targeted control strategies against cotton Verticillium wilt.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
VdEGe1 of Verticillium dahliae was classified into glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45).
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaet0 - Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- classified into the glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“VdEGe1 was classified into the glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45)”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
Host-induced gene silencing of VdEGe1 significantly reduced Verticillium wilt symptoms, disease index and fungal biomass in infected cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- HIGS of VdEGe1e1
- Interactor
- VerticilliumVerticilliume1pathogen
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilt symptoms, disease index, and fungal biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“HIGS of VdEGe1 significantly reduced Verticillium wilt symptoms, disease index, and fungal biomass in infected cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The VdEGe1 knockout mutant of V. dahliae showed impaired colony expansion and hyphal growth.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- ΔVdEGe1 knockoute1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- colony expansion, hyphal growthe1
- Direction
- impairede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ΔVdEGe1 knockout mutant exhibited impaired colony expansion, hyphal growth, sporulation, and spore germination, accompanied by severely attenuated virulence”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The VdEGe1 knockout mutant of V. dahliae showed impaired sporulation and spore germination.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- ΔVdEGe1 knockoute1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- sporulation, and spore germinatione1
- Direction
- impairede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ΔVdEGe1 knockout mutant exhibited impaired colony expansion, hyphal growth, sporulation, and spore germination, accompanied by severely attenuated virulence”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The VdEGe1 knockout mutant of V. dahliae had severely attenuated virulence.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- ΔVdEGe1 knockoute1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- virulencee1
- Direction
- attenuatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The ΔVdEGe1 knockout mutant exhibited impaired colony expansion, hyphal growth, sporulation, and spore germination, accompanied by severely attenuated virulence”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
VdEGe1 was confirmed to be a secreted protein.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- secreted proteine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“VdEGe1 was confirmed as a secreted protein”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
VdEGe1 did not trigger or suppress cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- VdEGe1e1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
- Direction
- did not trigger or suppresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“VdEGe1 was confirmed as a secreted protein but did not trigger or suppress cell death in N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Secretome analysis identified 311 differentially expressed secretory proteins.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed secretory proteinse1
- Value
- 311e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Secretome analysis identified 311 differentially expressed secretory proteins, with 156 being down-regulated”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the differentially expressed secretory proteins, 156 were down-regulated.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Outcome
- down-regulatede1
- Value
- 156e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Secretome analysis identified 311 differentially expressed secretory proteins, with 156 being down-regulated”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The VdEGe1 deletion mutant showed significant down-regulation of mitochondrial-related proteins and several carbohydrate-active enzymes.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- VdEGe1 deletione1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- mitochondrial-related proteins and several carbohydrate-active enzymese1
- Direction
- down-regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The VdEGe1 deletion mutant exhibited a significant down-regulation of mitochondrial-related proteins and several carbohydrate-active enzymes”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The VdEGe1 deletion mutant had decreased intracellular ATP levels and slower growth on media with various carbon sources.
- Taxon
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaet0
- Treatment
- VdEGe1 deletione1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- intracellular ATP levels and a slower growth ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The VdEGe1 deletion mutant exhibited a significant down-regulation of mitochondrial-related proteins and several carbohydrate-active enzymes, accompanied by a decrease in intracellular ATP levels and a slower growth rate on media containing various carbon sources”
t0“Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that VdEGe1 deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired carbon utilization, inducing energy starvation in V. dahliae and compromising its growth, development and virulence.
- Taxon
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1
- Gene
- VdEGe1e1
- Outcome
- growth, development and virulencee1
- Qualifier
- mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired carbon utilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“VdEGe1 deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired carbon utilization, which induces energy starvation in V. dahliae, thereby compromising its growth, development and virulence”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Verticillium · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.