Abstract
Background: Addressing soil saline-alkalization is crucial for sustaining cotton production in the arid regions of Xinjiang. This study investigates the efficacy of Micro-Nanobubble oxygenated irrigation (MNBs) compared with conventional flooding (CF) in ameliorating saline-alkali soil and enhancing cotton growth. Methods: A field microplot experiment was conducted across four soil salinity levels (0, 3%, 6%, and 9%, with sulfate as the dominant salt). Results: The results demonstrated that MNBs effectively reduced topsoil (0~20 cm) salinity and mitigated its associated alkalinity stress by facilitating salt leaching into deeper soil layers (20~60 cm). This irrigation method also significantly improved soil enzyme activities and altered ionic dynamics toward a more favorable balance. Moreover, MNBs enhanced soil bacterial diversity, enriched beneficial phyla such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and modulated fungal genera including Alternaria and Fusarium, suggesting an improved rhizospheric microbiome. In terms of cotton physiology, Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in cotton leaves by 15.84% to 40.69% and 10.11% to 33.63%, respectively, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 28.22% to 42.11%, thereby alleviating saline-alkali stress-induced oxidative damage. Additionally, MNBs promoted root growth by 0.96% to 29.90%, increased the leaf area index by 18.68% to 25.50%, and enhanced dry matter accumulation by 6.82% to 33.29%. Ultimately, these improvements led to a higher seed cotton yield. Compared with conventional flooding (CF), the MNBs treatment increased seed cotton yield by 33.78%, 35.93%, 47.11%, and 52.31% across the four salinity levels, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation represents an effective strategy for rehabilitating saline-alkali soils and promoting sustainable agricultural development in arid areas.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygenated irrigation reduced topsoil salinity and moved salts deeper.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- topsoil (0~20 cm) salinitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MNBs effectively reduced topsoil (0~20 cm) salinity and mitigated its associated alkalinity stress by facilitating salt leaching into deeper soil layers (20~60 cm).”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs improved soil enzyme activities and ionic dynamics.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- This irrigation methode0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This irrigation method also significantly improved soil enzyme activities and altered ionic dynamics toward a more favorable balance.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs enhanced soil bacterial diversity and enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- soil bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, MNBs enhanced soil bacterial diversity, enriched beneficial phyla such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and modulated fungal genera including Alternaria and Fusarium, suggesting an improved rhizospheric microbiome.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs modulated soil fungal genera including Alternaria and Fusarium.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- fungal genera including Alternaria and Fusariume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MNBs enhanced soil bacterial diversity, enriched beneficial phyla such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and modulated fungal genera including Alternaria and Fusarium, suggesting an improved rhizospheric microbiome.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs raised cotton leaf SOD activity by 15.84% to 40.69%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- cotton leavese0
- Treatment
- Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 15.84% to 40.69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in cotton leaves by 15.84% to 40.69% and 10.11% to 33.63%, respectively, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 28.22% to 42.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs raised cotton leaf POD activity by 10.11% to 33.63%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- cotton leavese0
- Treatment
- Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 10.11% to 33.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in cotton leaves by 15.84% to 40.69% and 10.11% to 33.63%, respectively, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 28.22% to 42.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs lowered cotton leaf MDA content by 28.22% to 42.11%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- cotton leavese0
- Treatment
- Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 28.22% to 42.11%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in cotton leaves by 15.84% to 40.69% and 10.11% to 33.63%, respectively, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 28.22% to 42.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs promoted cotton root growth by 0.96% to 29.90%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 0.96% to 29.90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MNBs promoted root growth by 0.96% to 29.90%, increased the leaf area index by 18.68% to 25.50%, and enhanced dry matter accumulation by 6.82% to 33.29%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs increased cotton leaf area index by 18.68% to 25.50%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18.68% to 25.50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MNBs promoted root growth by 0.96% to 29.90%, increased the leaf area index by 18.68% to 25.50%, and enhanced dry matter accumulation by 6.82% to 33.29%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs enhanced cotton dry matter accumulation by 6.82% to 33.29%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- MNBse0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 6.82% to 33.29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MNBs promoted root growth by 0.96% to 29.90%, increased the leaf area index by 18.68% to 25.50%, and enhanced dry matter accumulation by 6.82% to 33.29%.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs increased seed cotton yield 33.78% at the first salinity level.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- MNBs treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.78%e0
- Comparator
- conventional flooding (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with conventional flooding (CF), the MNBs treatment increased seed cotton yield by 33.78%, 35.93%, 47.11%, and 52.31% across the four salinity levels, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs increased seed cotton yield 35.93% at the second salinity level.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- MNBs treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.93%e0
- Comparator
- conventional flooding (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with conventional flooding (CF), the MNBs treatment increased seed cotton yield by 33.78%, 35.93%, 47.11%, and 52.31% across the four salinity levels, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs increased seed cotton yield 47.11% at the third salinity level.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- MNBs treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47.11%e0
- Comparator
- conventional flooding (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with conventional flooding (CF), the MNBs treatment increased seed cotton yield by 33.78%, 35.93%, 47.11%, and 52.31% across the four salinity levels, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
MNBs increased seed cotton yield 52.31% at the fourth salinity level.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- MNBs treatmente0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 52.31%e0
- Comparator
- conventional flooding (CF)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with conventional flooding (CF), the MNBs treatment increased seed cotton yield by 33.78%, 35.93%, 47.11%, and 52.31% across the four salinity levels, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend MNB irrigation for saline-alkali soil rehabilitation and agriculture.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- effective strategy for rehabilitating saline-alkali soils and promoting sustainable agricultural developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“micro-nanobubble oxygenation irrigation represents an effective strategy for rehabilitating saline-alkali soils and promoting sustainable agricultural development in arid areas.”
t0“cotton”
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