Abstract
Flowering promoting factor 1 (FPF1) is a key regulator of plant flowering time. While the functions of the FPF family have been characterized in species such as Arabidopsis and rice, systematic studies on the tomato FPF family remain limited. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the FPF family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), identifying five SlFPF members in the tomato genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into five distinct subgroups, and chromosome mapping revealed their distribution across three chromosomes, with the highest density on chromosome 1. Promoter analysis identified a range of putative cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress and hormonal responses. Differential expression analysis of various tissues showed that the five SlFPF genes exhibit varying expression levels, where SlFPF1 had a significantly higher expression compared to the others. Following treatments with abiotic stresses (NaCl, PEG, dark, and low light) and phytohormones (GA, MeJA, ABA, and SA), SlFPF1 expression is notably higher under GA treatment than under other conditions. Based on these findings, SlFPF1 and GA treatments were selected for further functional analysis. The results show that GA treatment significantly promotes multiple morphological traits, including root length, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight. However, silencing SlFPF1 expression led to a reduction in all these traits. Moreover, in SlFPF1-silenced plants, GA treatment failed to enhance root length, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight, indicating that GA-dependent growth promotion in tomato plants relies on SlFPF1. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the SlFPF gene family and its role in plant growth and stress responses.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Five SlFPF genes were identified in the tomato genome.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- SlFPFe0
- Outcome
- five SlFPF memberse0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identifying five SlFPF members in the tomato genome”
Claim · model-written summary
The tomato SlFPF genes fell into five phylogenetic subgroups.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- FPFe1
- Outcome
- five distinct subgroupse0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into five distinct subgroups”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlFPF genes mapped to three chromosomes, densest on chromosome 1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlFPFe1
- Outcome
- distribution across three chromosomese0
- Value
- three chromosomese0
- Qualifier
- highest density on chromosome 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chromosome mapping revealed their distribution across three chromosomes, with the highest density on chromosome 1”
e1“five SlFPF members in the tomato genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoters contained putative abiotic-stress and hormone response elements.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- FPFe1
- Outcome
- putative cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress and hormonal responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promoter analysis identified a range of putative cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress and hormonal responses”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The five SlFPF genes varied in tissue expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlFPFe0
- Outcome
- varying expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five SlFPF genes exhibit varying expression levels”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlFPF1 expression was significantly higher than other SlFPF genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- SlFPF1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlFPF1 had a significantly higher expression compared to the others”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA treatment induced higher SlFPF1 expression than other conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Gene
- SlFPF1e0
- Outcome
- SlFPF1 expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlFPF1 expression is notably higher under GA treatment than under other conditions”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA significantly increased tomato root length, stem diameter, and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- root length, stem diameter, leaf areae0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA treatment significantly promotes multiple morphological traits, including root length, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA significantly increased tomato height and dry and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight, and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA treatment significantly promotes multiple morphological traits, including root length, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlFPF1 silencing reduced tomato root length, stem diameter, and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- silencing SlFPF1 expressione0
- Gene
- SlFPF1e0
- Outcome
- root length, stem diameter, leaf areae1
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing SlFPF1 expression led to a reduction in all these traits”
e1“root length, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight”
e2“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlFPF1 silencing reduced tomato height and dry and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- silencing SlFPF1 expressione0
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight, and fresh weighte1
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing SlFPF1 expression led to a reduction in all these traits”
e1“plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight”
e2“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA did not enhance root length or leaf area in SlFPF1-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlFPF1-silenced plantse0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- root length, leaf areae0
- Direction
- failed to enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in SlFPF1-silenced plants, GA treatment failed to enhance root length, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA did not enhance fresh or dry weight in SlFPF1-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- SlFPF1-silenced plantse0
- Treatment
- GA treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weight, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- failed to enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in SlFPF1-silenced plants, GA treatment failed to enhance root length, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight”
e1“FPF family in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that GA-dependent tomato growth promotion relies on SlFPF1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- SlFPF1e0
- Outcome
- GA-dependent growth promotione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-dependent growth promotion in tomato plants relies on SlFPF1”
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