Abstract
Abstract In plants, vegetative growth is controlled by synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of many regulatory factors. Here, the authors demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia1 (SINA1) mammalian BTF2‐like transcription factors, Drosophila synapse‐associated proteins, and yeast DOS2‐like proteins (BSD1) function as a regulatory module to control vegetative growth in tomato via regulation of the production of plant growth hormone gibberellin (GA). SINA1 negatively regulates the protein level of BSD1 through ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation, and the transgenic tomato over‐expressing SINA1 ( SINA1‐OX ) resembles the dwarfism phenotype of the BSD1 ‐knockout ( BSD1‐KO ) tomato plant. BSD1 directly activates expression of the BSD1‐ r egulated g ene 1 ( BRG1 ) via binding to a novel core BBS (standing for B SD1 b inding s ite) binding motif in the BRG1 promoter. Knockout of BRG1 ( BRG1‐KO ) in tomato also results in a dwarfism phenotype, suggesting BRG1 plays a positive role in vegetative growth as BSD1 does. Significantly, GA contents are attenuated in transgenic SINA1‐OX , BSD1‐KO , and BRG1‐KO plants exhibiting dwarfism phenotype and exogenous application of bioactive GA 3 restores their vegetative growth. Moreover, BRG1 is required for the expression of multiple GA biosynthesis genes and BSD1 activates three GA biosynthesis genes promoting GA production. Thus, this study suggests that the SINA1‐BSD1 module controls vegetative growth via direct and indirect regulation of GA biosynthesis in tomato.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
SINA1 reduced BSD1 protein through ubiquitin-proteasome degradation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Gene
- SINA1e0
- Outcome
- protein level of BSD1e0
- Qualifier
- ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SINA1 negatively regulates the protein level of BSD1 through ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SINA1 overexpression gave a dwarf phenotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- SINA1‐OXe0
- Outcome
- dwarfism phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic tomato over‐expressing SINA1 ( SINA1‐OX ) resembles the dwarfism phenotype of the BSD1 ‐knockout ( BSD1‐KO ) tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
BSD1 knockout tomato showed dwarfism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- BSD1‐KOe0
- Outcome
- dwarfism phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dwarfism phenotype of the BSD1 ‐knockout ( BSD1‐KO ) tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
BSD1 directly activated BRG1 expression by binding its promoter motif.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BSD1e0
- Outcome
- expression of the BSD1‐ r egulated g ene 1 ( BRG1 )e0
- Qualifier
- binding motif in the BRG1 promotere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSD1 directly activates expression of the BSD1‐ r egulated g ene 1 ( BRG1 ) via binding to a novel core BBS (standing for B SD1 b inding s ite) binding motif in the BRG1 promoter”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BRG1 knockout produced dwarfism.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- BRG1‐KOe0
- Outcome
- dwarfism phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knockout of BRG1 ( BRG1‐KO ) in tomato also results in a dwarfism phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin content was attenuated in SINA1 overexpression plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- SINA1‐OXe0
- Outcome
- GA contentse0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA contents are attenuated in transgenic SINA1‐OX , BSD1‐KO , and BRG1‐KO plants exhibiting dwarfism phenotype”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin content was attenuated in BSD1 knockout plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- BSD1‐KOe0
- Outcome
- GA contentse0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA contents are attenuated in transgenic SINA1‐OX , BSD1‐KO , and BRG1‐KO plants exhibiting dwarfism phenotype”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin content was attenuated in BRG1 knockout plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- BRG1‐KOe0
- Outcome
- GA contentse0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA contents are attenuated in transgenic SINA1‐OX , BSD1‐KO , and BRG1‐KO plants exhibiting dwarfism phenotype”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA3 restored growth in dwarf plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of bioactive GA 3e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- restorese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of bioactive GA 3 restores their vegetative growth”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BRG1 was required for multiple gibberellin biosynthesis genes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BRG1e0
- Outcome
- expression of multiple GA biosynthesis genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRG1 is required for the expression of multiple GA biosynthesis genes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
BSD1 activated three gibberellin biosynthesis genes and promoted gibberellin production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- BSD1e0
- Outcome
- three GA biosynthesis genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BSD1 activates three GA biosynthesis genes promoting GA production”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
79 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.