Abstract
Nanoparticle-based soil amendments represent a promising strategy to improve plant growth and phytostabilization in contaminated soils. This study investigated the efficacy of nano-sized stilbite-zeolite (NSZ) and nanoblack-carbon (NBC) on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of NSZ particle size (0.2 mm, 0.1 mm, <0.05 mm), NSZ application rate (0%, 4%, 8% w/w), and NBC application rate (0%, 4%, 8% w/w). The co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w), yielded the most significant improvements. This optimal treatment enhanced soil-health, increasing CEC by 20.04% and available-phosphorus by over 300% compared to the control. Grain yield increased from 1,057 kg ha−1 in the control to 2,544 kg ha−1, representing a 140.5% improvement. The number of grains per spike increased from 22.33 to 34.3, while the amendments effectively reduced heavy metal uptake. Specific treatments, such as NSZ at 4% (w/w) (NSZ2), significantly reduced Cd and Hg concentrations in grain by 69.7% and 69.1%, respectively, compared to the control. The NBC treatment at 8% (w/w) (NBC2) reduced As and Pb levels by 55.8% and 42.1%. These reductions confirm successful immobilization of metals in the soil and restricted translocation to edible grains.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-particle NSZ and NBC each at 8% increased soil CEC by 20.04% relative to the control in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.
Triticum turgidume0 - Treatment
- co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w)e2
- Outcome
- CECe1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 20.04%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e1“This optimal treatment enhanced soil-health, increasing CEC by 20.04% and available-phosphorus by over 300% compared to the control”
e2“The co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w), yielded the most significant improvements”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-particle NSZ and NBC each at 8% increased available phosphorus by over 300% relative to the control in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w)e2
- Outcome
- available-phosphoruse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- over 300%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e1“This optimal treatment enhanced soil-health, increasing CEC by 20.04% and available-phosphorus by over 300% compared to the control”
e2“The co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w), yielded the most significant improvements”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-particle NSZ and NBC each at 8% raised grain yield from 1,057 to 2,544 kg/ha, a 140.5% improvement over the control.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w)e2
- Outcome
- Grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 140.5%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e2“The co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w), yielded the most significant improvements”
e3“Grain yield increased from 1,057 kg ha−1 in the control to 2,544 kg ha−1, representing a 140.5% improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine-particle NSZ and NBC each at 8% increased the number of grains per spike from 22.33 to 34.3 in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w)e2
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- from 22.33 to 34.3e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e2“The co-application of fine-particle NSZ (<0.05 mm) and NBC, each at 8% (w/w), yielded the most significant improvements”
e4“The number of grains per spike increased from 22.33 to 34.3”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil amendments reduced heavy metal uptake by durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- amendmentse5
- Outcome
- heavy metal uptakee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e5“the amendments effectively reduced heavy metal uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
NSZ at 4% (w/w) reduced grain Cd concentration by 69.7% relative to the control in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Organ / stage
- graine6
- Treatment
- NSZ at 4% (w/w) (NSZ2)e6
- Outcome
- Cd and Hg concentrations in graine6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 69.7%e6
- Qualifier
- Cde6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e6“Specific treatments, such as NSZ at 4% (w/w) (NSZ2), significantly reduced Cd and Hg concentrations in grain by 69.7% and 69.1%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
NSZ at 4% (w/w) reduced grain Hg concentration by 69.1% relative to the control in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Organ / stage
- graine6
- Treatment
- NSZ at 4% (w/w) (NSZ2)e6
- Outcome
- Cd and Hg concentrations in graine6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 69.1%e6
- Qualifier
- Hge6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e6“Specific treatments, such as NSZ at 4% (w/w) (NSZ2), significantly reduced Cd and Hg concentrations in grain by 69.7% and 69.1%, respectively, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
NBC at 8% (w/w) reduced As levels in durum wheat by 55.8%.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- NBC treatment at 8% (w/w) (NBC2)e7
- Outcome
- As and Pb levelse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 55.8%e7
- Qualifier
- Ase7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e7“The NBC treatment at 8% (w/w) (NBC2) reduced As and Pb levels by 55.8% and 42.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
NBC at 8% (w/w) reduced Pb levels in durum wheat by 42.1%.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Treatment
- NBC treatment at 8% (w/w) (NBC2)e7
- Outcome
- As and Pb levelse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 42.1%e7
- Qualifier
- Pbe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e7“The NBC treatment at 8% (w/w) (NBC2) reduced As and Pb levels by 55.8% and 42.1%”
Claim · model-written summary
The reductions indicate that metals were immobilized in soil and their translocation to edible grains was restricted.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L.Triticum turgidume0
- Organ / stage
- edible grainse1
- Outcome
- immobilization of metals in the soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on durum-wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)”
e1“These reductions confirm successful immobilization of metals in the soil and restricted translocation to edible grains”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.