Abstract
Introduction Tobacco black shank (TBS), caused by Phytophthora nicotianae , poses a serious threat to tobacco production, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable management strategies. Meanwhile, tobacco stalk, a byproduct of tobacco cultivation, required effective recycling and value-added utilization. Methods In this study, four types of tobacco stalk derived biochar (unmodified biochar, H 3 PO 4 -modified biochar, ball-milled biochar, and ball-milled H 3 PO 4 -modified biochar) were prepared to evaluate their efficacy in controlling TBS. We evaluated physiological indices, including chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species levels, and phytohormone profiles, along with changes in tobacco leaf metabolites, to explore the impact of modified biochar on diseased tobacco plants. Results The ball milled-phosphorus modified biochar (BPT) exhibited a dense and uniform pore structure, markedly increased surface P content, and introduced abundant -OH and P-O functional groups, resulting in the most effective disease suppression. Soil application of BPT significantly reduced lesion length in infected plants, enhanced chlorophyll content, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) levels. Moreover, BPT modulated phytohormone levels elevating indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) and reshaped amino acid, lipid, and phenolic acid profiles. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that BPT promoted phenylpropanoid as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, thereby strengthening tobacco resistance to P. nicotianae . Discussion This study elucidate the mechanisms underlying biochar-induced disease resistance and provide a promising approach for sustainable management of tobacco black shank using modified biochar.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
BPT had dense uniform pores, increased surface phosphorus, and OH and PO groups.
- Outcome
- dense and uniform pore structure, markedly increased surface P content, and introduced abundant -OH and P-O functional groupse0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The ball milled-phosphorus modified biochar (BPT) exhibited a dense and uniform pore structure, markedly increased surface P content, and introduced abundant -OH and P-O functional groups”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT gave the most effective black shank suppression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- ball milled-phosphorus modified biochare1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora nicotianae
Phytophthora nicotianaet0pathogene0 - Outcome
- disease suppressione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in the most effective disease suppression.”
t0“Ball milled phosphorus modified biochar improved Nicotiana tabacum L. resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
e1“The ball milled-phosphorus modified biochar (BPT) exhibited a dense and uniform pore structure, markedly increased surface P content, and introduced abundant -OH and P-O functional groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil BPT reduced lesion length in infected tobacco.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Soil application of BPTe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora nicotianaePhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogene0
- Outcome
- lesion lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil application of BPT significantly reduced lesion length in infected plants”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L. resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT enhanced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced chlorophyll content”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e1“Soil application of BPT significantly reduced lesion length in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT increased catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)]”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e1“Soil application of BPT significantly reduced lesion length in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT decreased MDA, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) levels.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e1“Soil application of BPT significantly reduced lesion length in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT elevated IAA, JA, and ABA levels.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe0
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BPT modulated phytohormone levels elevating indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA)”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT elevated salicylic acid levels.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BPT modulated phytohormone levels elevating indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA)”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT reshaped amino acid, lipid, and phenolic acid profiles.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe1
- Outcome
- amino acid, lipid, and phenolic acid profilese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reshaped amino acid, lipid, and phenolic acid profiles.”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
e1“BPT modulated phytohormone levels elevating indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA)”
Claim · model-written summary
BPT promoted phenylpropanoid and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum L.Nicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- BPTe0
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BPT promoted phenylpropanoid as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis”
t0“Nicotiana tabacum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathway analysis linked promoted biosynthesis to stronger resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Interactor
- P. nicotianaePhytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- tobacco resistance to P. nicotianaee0
- Qualifier
- phenylpropanoidt0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby strengthening tobacco resistance to P. nicotianae .”
t0“promoting phenylpropanoid metabolism”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · Phytophthora nicotianae · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · Phytophthora nicotianae · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.