Abstract
Biochar can favor the production of agricultural crops and soil quality, but its characteristics depend on the residue used and its effects may vary according to the cultivated species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying biochar from different animal residues on the agronomic characteristics of cowpea and on soil quality bioindicators. Three types of biochar (bovine, swine and poultry) were applied, combined (BBF: Bovine Biochar + Fertilizer; SBF: Swine Biochar + Fertilizer; and PBF: Poultry Biochar + Fertilizer) or not with fertilizer (BB: Bovine Biochar; SB: Swine Biochar; and PB: Poultry Biochar), and two control treatments with addition of calcium and magnesium oxide (CT) and calcium and magnesium oxide + fertilizer (CTF), totaling eight treatments. There was an increase in stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and stem dry mass when biochar was added, regardless of the combination with fertilizer. There was no difference between treatments for soil basal respiration and β-glucosidase enzyme activity, while organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were higher in treatments with the presence of biochar. Among the treatments with only biochar application, the BBF treatment contributed to obtaining a higher TOC content, while BAF increased the NT content in the soil. Additionally, the application of biochar contributed to the reduction of soil metabolic quotient values. Thus, it can be concluded that biochar associated with conventional fertilization can improve soil quality, and consequently the productivity of cowpea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biochar increased cowpea stem diameter, regardless of combination with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and stem dry mass when biochar was added, regardless of the combination with fertilizer”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biochar increased the number of pods per cowpea plant, regardless of combination with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and stem dry mass when biochar was added, regardless of the combination with fertilizer”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biochar increased the number of grains per pod in cowpea, regardless of combination with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- number of grains per pode0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and stem dry mass when biochar was added, regardless of the combination with fertilizer”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding biochar increased cowpea stem dry mass, regardless of combination with fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- biochare0
- Outcome
- stem dry masse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and stem dry mass when biochar was added, regardless of the combination with fertilizer”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not differ in soil basal respiration or β-glucosidase enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- biochart1
- Outcome
- soil basal respiration and β-glucosidase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference between treatments for soil basal respiration and β-glucosidase enzyme activity”
t0“cowpea”
t1“application of biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil total organic carbon and total nitrogen were higher in treatments with biochar.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- presence of biochare0
- Outcome
- organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were higher in treatments with the presence of biochar”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial carbon and labile carbon were higher in treatments with biochar.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- presence of biochare0
- Outcome
- microbial carbon and soil labile carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were higher in treatments with the presence of biochar”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Among treatments with only biochar, the bovine biochar plus fertilizer treatment (BBF) gave the highest soil total organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- BBFe0
- Outcome
- TOC contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- treatments with only biochar applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the treatments with only biochar application, the BBF treatment contributed to obtaining a higher TOC content”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The BAF treatment increased soil total nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- BAFe0
- Outcome
- NT content in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAF increased the NT content in the soil”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying biochar reduced soil metabolic quotient values.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- application of biochare0
- Outcome
- soil metabolic quotient valuese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of biochar contributed to the reduction of soil metabolic quotient values”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that biochar with conventional fertilization can improve soil quality and thereby cowpea productivity.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- improve soil quality, and consequently the productivity of cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar associated with conventional fertilization can improve soil quality, and consequently the productivity of cowpea”
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