Paper · 2020 · Italian Journal of Agronomy

Integrated application of biochar and bio-fertilizer improves yield and yield components of Cowpea under water-deficient stress

Seyed Afshin Moosavi; AliReza Shokuhfar; Shahram Lak; et al.

6
claims
18
verbatim quotes
22
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc

Abstract

A low amount of organic matter and insufficient irrigation are two main challenges facing successful crop production in arid and semiarid regions. Application of biochar as an organic amendment to soil not only can help increase organic matter in soil, but also may alleviate adverse effects of water deficit on plant growth and yield production. To test this hypothesis, a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil. Treatments consisted of two levels of seed treatment with nitroxin, three levels of biochar application (0, 4, and 8 ton/ha), and a threelevel irrigation regime (60, 90, and 120 mm from evaporation pan class A), laid out in a split-factorial design. Results showed that the seed number per plant was significantly higher in cowpea when grown with biochar, possibly due to the relief of water-deficient stress and higher phosphorus and potassium content. Biomass production of cowpea declined under a severe waterdeficit condition (ir3) compared to normal irrigation (ir1) in 2018 and 2019, decreasing by 39% and 42%, respectively. The maximum biomass obtained from application of 8 ton/ha biochar reached 617.43 and 664.92 g/m2 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Seeds treated with nitroxin exhibited 10% and 8% greater biomass production in 2018 and 2019 as compared with control treatments. Seed yield increased with the addition of biochar to soil under all irrigation regimes; however, the maximum seed yield of 266.46 and 275.36 g/m2 was observed when there was no water-deficient stress condition and application of 8 ton/ha biochar in 2018 and 2019, respectively.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cowpea grown with biochar had a significantly higher seed number per plant.

Treatment
biochare2
Outcome
seed number per plante2
Direction
highere2
Qualifier
possibly due to the relief of water-deficient stresse2
Setting
field experimente1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e2

“Results showed that the seed number per plant was significantly higher in cowpea when grown with biochar, possibly due to the relief of water-deficient stress and higher phosphorus and potassium content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 771–973 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cowpea biomass declined under severe water deficit (ir3) compared with normal irrigation (ir1) by 39% and 42% in 2018 and 2019.

Treatment
severe waterdeficit condition (ir3)e3
Outcome
Biomass productione3
Direction
declinede3
Value
39% and 42%e3
Qualifier
in 2018 and 2019e3
Comparator
normal irrigation (ir1)e3
Setting
field experimente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e3

“Biomass production of cowpea declined under a severe waterdeficit condition (ir3) compared to normal irrigation (ir1) in 2018 and 2019, decreasing by 39% and 42%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 975–1150 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum biomass was obtained with 8 ton/ha biochar, reaching 617.43 and 664.92 g/m2 in 2018 and 2019.

Treatment
application of 8 ton/ha biochare4
Outcome
biomasse4
Direction
maximume4
Value
617.43 and 664.92 g/m2e4
Qualifier
in 2018 and 2019, respectivelye4
Setting
field experimente1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e4

“The maximum biomass obtained from application of 8 ton/ha biochar reached 617.43 and 664.92 g/m2 in 2018 and 2019, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1279 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeds treated with nitroxin had 10% and 8% greater biomass than control treatments in 2018 and 2019.

Treatment
Seeds treated with nitroxine5
Outcome
biomass productione5
Direction
greatere5
Value
10% and 8%e5
Qualifier
in 2018 and 2019e5
Comparator
control treatmentse5
Setting
field experimente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e5

“Seeds treated with nitroxin exhibited 10% and 8% greater biomass production in 2018 and 2019 as compared with control treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1281–1409 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed yield increased with biochar added to soil under all irrigation regimes.

Treatment
addition of biochar to soile6
Outcome
Seed yielde6
Direction
increasede6
Qualifier
under all irrigation regimese6
Setting
field experimente1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e6

“Seed yield increased with the addition of biochar to soil under all irrigation regimes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1411–1497 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The maximum seed yield, 266.46 and 275.36 g/m2 in 2018 and 2019, was observed with no water deficit and 8 ton/ha biochar.

Treatment
application of 8 ton/ha biochare7
Outcome
seed yielde7
Direction
maximume7
Value
266.46 and 275.36 g/m2e7
Qualifier
when there was no water-deficient stress conditione7
Setting
field experimente1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“yield and yield components of Cowpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–98 · show in text ↑
e1

“a two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of sugarcane biochar on yield and yield components of cowpea in water-deficient soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 372–519 · show in text ↑
e7

“the maximum seed yield of 266.46 and 275.36 g/m2 was observed when there was no water-deficient stress condition and application of 8 ton/ha biochar in 2018 and 2019, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1508–1687 · show in text ↑

drought · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ

46 papers: 7 positive, 39 negative or no effect

38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

biochar · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 13 positive, 2 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

biochar · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 18 positive, 4 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.