Abstract
White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) reduces potato yield and quality in Sinaloa, Mexico. This study first evaluated the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma azevedoi, T. afroharzianum, T. asperellum and T. asperelloides in inhibiting S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth and sclerotia production. Field experiments then assessed a combination of these antagonists, their alternating application with synthetic fungicides, and a fungicide-alone treatment for disease control, sclerotia reduction and yield increase. In vitro, all four Trichoderma species significantly inhibited the pathogen, achieving 60.1–63.1% mycelial suppression in dual culture and 90.3–94.1% via volatile metabolites, with the latter also completely suppressing sclerotia formation. In the field, the Trichoderma combination significantly controlled white mold, reducing plant incidence and severity to 66.0 and 27.1% in 2021 and 55.6 and 18.8% in 2022, while lowering sclerotia production to 32.7 and 14.6 on ten plants, respectively. This control extended to tubers, where incidence and severity were reduced to 1.6% and 0.4% in 2021, and 1.3% and 0.3% in 2022. The alternating application of Trichoderma with synthetic fungicides proved statistically equivalent to the Trichoderma-alone treatment in disease control, while the fungicides-alone treatment was significantly less effective. Potato yield was highest in plots treated with the Trichoderma combination (46.0 and 52.9 t ha−1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively). These results highlight the potential of using a mixture of these four Trichoderma species as a cornerstone of sustainable disease management in Sinaloa, offering effective control of potato white mold while significantly reducing dependence on synthetic fungicides.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture all four Trichoderma species significantly inhibited S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth by 60.1-63.1%.
- Treatment
- Trichoderma speciese0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial suppressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 60.1–63.1%e0
- Setting
- dual culturee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all four Trichoderma species significantly inhibited the pathogen, achieving 60.1–63.1% mycelial suppression in dual culture and 90.3–94.1% via volatile metabolites”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile metabolites of the four Trichoderma species suppressed S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth by 90.3-94.1%.
- Treatment
- volatile metabolitese0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial suppressione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 90.3–94.1%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all four Trichoderma species significantly inhibited the pathogen, achieving 60.1–63.1% mycelial suppression in dual culture and 90.3–94.1% via volatile metabolites”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatile metabolites of the Trichoderma species completely suppressed sclerotia formation of S. sclerotiorum.
- Treatment
- volatile metabolitese0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- sclerotia formatione0
- Direction
- completely suppressinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“90.3–94.1% via volatile metabolites, with the latter also completely suppressing sclerotia formation”
e1“all four Trichoderma species significantly inhibited the pathogen”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
In field trials the Trichoderma combination significantly reduced white mold plant incidence and severity in 2021 and 2022.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt1 - Treatment
- Trichoderma combinatione0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 66.0 and 27.1% in 2021 and 55.6 and 18.8% in 2022e0
- Setting
- In the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, the Trichoderma combination significantly controlled white mold, reducing plant incidence and severity to 66.0 and 27.1% in 2021 and 55.6 and 18.8% in 2022”
t1“Potato”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
The Trichoderma combination lowered sclerotia production to 32.7 and 14.6 on ten plants in the two years.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma combinatione1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- sclerotia productione0
- Direction
- loweringe0
- Value
- 32.7 and 14.6 on ten plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowering sclerotia production to 32.7 and 14.6 on ten plants, respectively”
e1“the Trichoderma combination significantly controlled white mold”
t1“Potato”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
White mold incidence and severity on tubers were reduced to 1.6% and 0.4% in 2021 and 1.3% and 0.3% in 2022.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt1
- Organ / stage
- tuberse0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma combinatione1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.6% and 0.4% in 2021, and 1.3% and 0.3% in 2022e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This control extended to tubers, where incidence and severity were reduced to 1.6% and 0.4% in 2021, and 1.3% and 0.3% in 2022”
e1“the Trichoderma combination significantly controlled white mold”
t1“Potato”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternating Trichoderma with synthetic fungicides was statistically equivalent to Trichoderma alone in disease control.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- alternating application of Trichoderma with synthetic fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- statistically equivalente0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma-alone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alternating application of Trichoderma with synthetic fungicides proved statistically equivalent to the Trichoderma-alone treatment in disease control”
t1“Potato”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicides-alone treatment was significantly less effective in disease control than the Trichoderma treatments.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt1
- Treatment
- fungicides-alone treatmente0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma-alone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“statistically equivalent to the Trichoderma-alone treatment in disease control, while the fungicides-alone treatment was significantly less effective”
t1“Potato”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato yield was highest in plots treated with the Trichoderma combination (46.0 t/ha in 2021 and 52.9 t/ha in 2022).
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma combinatione0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 46.0 and 52.9 t ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato yield was highest in plots treated with the Trichoderma combination (46.0 and 52.9 t ha−1 in 2021 and 2022, respectively)”
t0“Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a mixture of the four Trichoderma species has potential as a cornerstone of sustainable disease management in Sinaloa.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt1
- Outcome
- sustainable disease managemente0
- Setting
- Sinaloae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potential of using a mixture of these four Trichoderma species as a cornerstone of sustainable disease management in Sinaloa”
t1“Potato”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
metabolite · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.