Abstract
ABSTRACT The effect of the fungal mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. Sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. In a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation. Plots were treated with C. minitans or Trichoderma spp. or were nontreated (control). Crops were rotated in each plot, but treatments were applied to the same plot every year. After 3 years during which it showed no effect on sclerotial survival, the Trichoderma spp. treatment was replaced by a single spray with C. minitans during the fourth and fifth years of the trial. The effect of treatments was monitored in subsequent seasons by counting apothecia as a measure of surviving S. sclerotiorum sclerotia and scoring disease incidence. Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum, but C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of the each season. C. minitans lowered the number of apothecia compared with the other treatments during the second year after the bean crop. C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by approximately 90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments and reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial, resulting in a slightly higher yield. In 1993, but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays (monitored in 1995). The final population size of sclerotia in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the beginning of the trial, even in plots where two highly susceptible bean crops were grown during the period. The results indicate that the mycoparasite C. minitans has the potential to keep contamination of soil with sclerotia low in crop rotations with a high number of crops susceptible to S. sclerotiorum.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
C. minitans reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by approximately 90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments”
e2“reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial, resulting in a slightly higher yield”
Claim · model-written summary
C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by about 90% compared with the control and Trichoderma treatments.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- C. minitanse1
- Outcome
- number of apotheciae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- approximately 90%e1
- Comparator
- control and Trichoderma spp. treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e1“C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by approximately 90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e4
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume4pathogen - Outcome
- suppress S. sclerotiorume4
- Direction
- did not suppresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e4“Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of each season.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorum sclerotiaSclerotinia sclerotiorume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. minitans
Paraphaeosphaeria minitanse3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- infectede3
- Value
- at least 90%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e3“C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of the each season”
Claim · model-written summary
Sclerotia population in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the start of the trial.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- C. minitanse5
- Outcome
- population size of sclerotia in soile5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- beginning of the triale5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e5“The final population size of sclerotia in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the beginning of the trial”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1993 but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- a single spray with C. minitanse6
- Outcome
- reducing apotheciae6
- Direction
- nearly as effectivee6
- Qualifier
- In 1993, but not 1994e6
- Comparator
- three sprayse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e6“In 1993, but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
C. minitans has the potential to keep soil sclerotia contamination low in crop rotations with many susceptible crops.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- contamination of soil with sclerotiae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation”
e7“The results indicate that the mycoparasite C. minitans has the potential to keep contamination of soil with sclerotia low in crop rotations with a high number of crops susceptible to S. sclerotiorum”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Paraphaeosphaeria minitans · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.