Abstract
The stress-associated proteins (SAPs) correspond to zinc-finger proteins containing A20/AN1 domains that are involved in plant responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, in oat, no information has been available so far regarding the characteristics and regulation of these genes. In the current research work, eleven AvSAP genes were identified in oats genome (OT3098 variety) named AvSAP1 to AvSAP11. Eight proteins contained both A20 and AN1 domains located at the N- and C-terminal portions of the proteins, respectively. Subsequently, the gene structure and duplication, chromosomal location, cis-acting elements, and protein properties were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Moreover, genes expression profiles revealed that AvSAP genes present hormones and stress-responsive cis-elements in their promoters. These observations were confirmed using QRT-PCR analysis. Indeed, the majority of identified AvSAP genes were responsive to NaCl, PEG, heat, ethylene, and metallic (Mn, Cu, and Cd) stresses. Moreover, ABA phytohormone induced a significant upregulation of nine AvSAP genes in leaves (5.8–6.5-fold induction) and roots (1.9–4.2-fold induction), corroborating their crucial role of those genes in plants’ response to a wide range of abiotic stresses. In contrast, GA and IAA exert a slight effect on those genes. Finally, AvSAP1 protein expression in bacterial cells conferred tolerance to ionic and osmotic stress. Our results provide deeper insight into AvSAP genes in plants and support advanced functional analyses of this gene family in oats.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven AvSAP genes were identified in the oat genome.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa
Avena sativat0 - Material
- OT3098e1
- Outcome
- AvSAP genese1
- Value
- elevene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e1“eleven AvSAP genes were identified in oats genome (OT3098 variety)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight AvSAP proteins contain both A20 and AN1 domains.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- A20 and AN1 domainse2
- Value
- Eighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e2“Eight proteins contained both A20 and AN1 domains located at the N- and C-terminal portions of the proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
AvSAP gene promoters contain hormone- and stress-responsive cis-elements.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Outcome
- cis-elementse3
- Qualifier
- in their promoterse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e3“genes expression profiles revealed that AvSAP genes present hormones and stress-responsive cis-elements in their promoters”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased expression of AvSAP genes in oat leaves by 5.8-6.5-fold.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- ABA phytohormonee4
- Outcome
- AvSAP genese4
- Direction
- upregulatione4
- Value
- 5.8–6.5-folde4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e4“ABA phytohormone induced a significant upregulation of nine AvSAP genes in leaves (5.8–6.5-fold induction) and roots (1.9–4.2-fold induction)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased expression of AvSAP genes in oat roots by 1.9-4.2-fold.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- ABA phytohormonee4
- Outcome
- AvSAP genese4
- Direction
- upregulatione4
- Value
- 1.9–4.2-folde4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e4“ABA phytohormone induced a significant upregulation of nine AvSAP genes in leaves (5.8–6.5-fold induction) and roots (1.9–4.2-fold induction)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA and IAA had a slight effect on AvSAP gene expression.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- GA and IAAe5
- Outcome
- effect on those genese5
- Direction
- slight effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e5“In contrast, GA and IAA exert a slight effect on those genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AvSAP1 protein expression in bacterial cells conferred tolerance to ionic and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- protein expression in bacterial cellse6
- Gene
- AvSAP1e6
- Outcome
- tolerance to ionic and osmotic stresse6
- Direction
- conferred tolerancee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e6“AvSAP1 protein expression in bacterial cells conferred tolerance to ionic and osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Most identified AvSAP genes respond to NaCl, PEG and heat stress.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl, PEG, heate7
- Outcome
- responsivee7
- Qualifier
- the majority of identified AvSAP genese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e7“the majority of identified AvSAP genes were responsive to NaCl, PEG, heat, ethylene, and metallic (Mn, Cu, and Cd) stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
Most identified AvSAP genes respond to ethylene and metallic (Mn, Cu, Cd) stress.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- ethylene, and metallic (Mn, Cu, and Cd)e7
- Outcome
- responsivee7
- Qualifier
- the majority of identified AvSAP genese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oat (Avena sativa L.)”
e7“the majority of identified AvSAP genes were responsive to NaCl, PEG, heat, ethylene, and metallic (Mn, Cu, and Cd) stresses”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.