Abstract
Chapter 1. Grassland Conservation Initiative (GCI) was introduced under the United States 2018 Agricultural Improvement Act. The goal of the GCI is to conserve pasture and grassland. This study analyzes the ex-ante impacts of the GCI on crop returns and land-use acreage for Oklahoma farmers and ranchers. Oklahoma’s agricultural landscape is diverse. As with most agricultural policies focusing on land use, the distributional effects of GCI program will be conditional upon dominant land use types and grassland/pasture resources. Regions endowed with relatively more land resources in pasture and grassland are more likely to have more eligible acres, thereby potentially signaling to landowners in those regions opportunities to accrue land-holding rents. Land-use dynamics are estimated as a first-order Markov process. Not all regions benefit from this program. Findings suggest that aggregate net returns to cropland decrease. However, locations with above average pasture and grassland acreage experience gains in returns under certain policy assumptions. Counties experiencing gains from the GCI policy could experience higher returns to cattle and wheat compared to other counties with limited grassland and pasture acreage. Chapter 2. This study examines the economic performance of rainfed cropping systems endemic to the Southern Great Plains under weed competition. Cropping systems include tilled and no-till wheat-fallow, wheat-soybean, and wheat-sorghum rotations. Net returns from systems are compared under different levels of weed pressure. Producers operating over longer planning horizons would choose to double-crop regardless of the tillage method used and weed pressure level. Producers operating under shorter planning horizons would implement wheat-fallow systems when weed pressure is high and double crop when weed pressure is low. Chapter 3. This study examines the economics of strategies for managing weed resistance to herbicides for rainfed, no-till winter wheat cropping systems endemic to the Southern Great Plains. Cropping systems evaluated include continuous wheat-soybean-fallow, wheat-sorghum-fallow, wheat-soybean-wheat-sorghum, and wheat-fallow rotations. Herbicide management strategies examined include combinations of pre-emergent, post-emergent, and glyphosate, a burndown herbicide, and their application frequency. Results indicate that economically optimal management strategies minimize the use of glyphosate. Wheat-soybean-fallow and wheat-fallow weed management strategies eliminate the use of glyphosate. However, glyphosate remains effective for controlling weeds in a wheat-sorghum-fallow system. Optimal cropping system/herbicide management strategies delayed the proliferation of herbicide-resistant genes in the weed population. The penetration of herbicide-resistant genes into the weed population took more time for all wheat-double crop systems than wheat-fallow systems, even for a non-optimal weed management strategy. The findings suggest that summer crop planting increases revenue, decreases weed pressure, and delays herbicide resistance over a medium-term planning horizon.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Grassland Conservation Initiative was projected to decrease aggregate net cropland returns.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- aggregate net returns to croplande0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Findings suggest that aggregate net returns to cropland decrease”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Areas with above average pasture and grassland acreage were projected to gain returns under some policy assumptions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- returnse0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Qualifier
- under certain policy assumptionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“locations with above average pasture and grassland acreage experience gains in returns under certain policy assumptions”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Counties gaining from the policy could see higher wheat returns than counties with limited grassland and pasture acreage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- returns to cattle and wheate0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other counties with limited grassland and pasture acreagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Counties experiencing gains from the GCI policy could experience higher returns to cattle and wheat compared to other counties with limited grassland and pasture acreage”
Claim · model-written summary
Long horizon producers would choose double cropping across tillage methods and weed pressure levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- double-crope0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the tillage method used and weed pressure levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Producers operating over longer planning horizons would choose to double-crop regardless of the tillage method used and weed pressure level”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At high weed pressure, short horizon producers would choose wheat-fallow.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat-fallow systemse0
- Qualifier
- when weed pressure is highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Producers operating under shorter planning horizons would implement wheat-fallow systems when weed pressure is high”
Claim · model-written summary
At low weed pressure, short horizon producers would double crop.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- double crope0
- Qualifier
- when weed pressure is lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and double crop when weed pressure is low”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Economically optimal weed management minimizes glyphosate use.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- minimize the use of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economically optimal management strategies minimize the use of glyphosate”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-soybean-fallow weed management eliminates glyphosate use.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Wheat-soybean-fallowe0
- Outcome
- eliminate the use of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat-soybean-fallow and wheat-fallow weed management strategies eliminate the use of glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-fallow weed management eliminates glyphosate use.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- wheat-fallowe0
- Outcome
- eliminate the use of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat-soybean-fallow and wheat-fallow weed management strategies eliminate the use of glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate remained effective against weeds in a wheat-sorghum-fallow system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlling weedse0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate remains effective for controlling weeds in a wheat-sorghum-fallow system”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal system and herbicide strategies delayed herbicide resistant gene proliferation in weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Optimal cropping system/herbicide management strategiese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- proliferation of herbicide-resistant genes in the weed populatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimal cropping system/herbicide management strategies delayed the proliferation of herbicide-resistant genes in the weed population”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide resistant genes spread more slowly in weeds under wheat double cropping than wheat-fallow, even with nonoptimal management.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- penetration of herbicide-resistant genes into the weed populatione0
- Direction
- took more timee0
- Qualifier
- even for a non-optimal weed management strategye0
- Comparator
- wheat-fallow systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The penetration of herbicide-resistant genes into the weed population took more time for all wheat-double crop systems than wheat-fallow systems, even for a non-optimal weed management strategy”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer crop planting increased revenue over a medium term horizon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- summer crop plantinge0
- Outcome
- revenuee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“summer crop planting increases revenue, decreases weed pressure, and delays herbicide resistance over a medium-term planning horizon”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer crop planting decreased weed pressure over a medium term horizon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- summer crop plantinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“summer crop planting increases revenue, decreases weed pressure, and delays herbicide resistance over a medium-term planning horizon”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer crop planting delayed herbicide resistance over a medium term horizon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- summer crop plantinge0
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide resistancee0
- Direction
- delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“summer crop planting increases revenue, decreases weed pressure, and delays herbicide resistance over a medium-term planning horizon”
t0“wheat-double crop systems”
e1“the weed population took more time”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →herbicide · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cultivation system · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.