Abstract
Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%). The growth of Fusarium oxysporum which causes damping-off diseases of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) was inhibited in vitro by the extracts of citrus species. The extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifolia and C. reticulata showed 83.55%, 71.10% and 68.14% inhibition activity, respectively. An analysis of chemical composition showed that the most active geranoxycumarine, triclosan, benzetonine, limonin and nomilin contained in grapefruit (Citrus vitis) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) have high alkaloids and phenolic phytoconstituents. The fungitoxicity of the extracts from the peels of C. sinensis was the same as that of benomyl, a synthetic fungicide.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaloid content in the five citrus species ranged 0.221.60%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saponin content in the five citrus species ranged 0.30-0.98%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content in the five citrus species ranged 0.30-0.89.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol content in the five citrus species ranged 0.02-0.64%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content in the five citrus species ranged 0.23-1.45%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytochemical studies of five varieties of citrus species, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limonum), lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grape (Citrus vitis) revealed the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.221.60%), saponin (0.30-0.98%), flavonoids (0.30-0.89), phenols (0.02-0.64%) and tannins (0.23-1.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrus extracts inhibited in vitro growth of Fusarium oxysporum, the cause of damping-off in okra.
- Treatment
- extracts of citrus speciese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of Fusarium oxysporume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The growth of Fusarium oxysporum which causes damping-off diseases of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) was inhibited in vitro by the extracts of citrus species”
Claim · model-written summary
Peel extract of C. sinensis showed 83.55% inhibition activity.
- Taxon
- C. sinensis
Citrus sinensise0 - Treatment
- extracts from the peels of C. sinensise0
- Outcome
- inhibition activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 83.55%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifolia and C. reticulata showed 83.55%, 71.10% and 68.14% inhibition activity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peel extract of C. aurentifolia showed 71.10% inhibition activity.
- Taxon
- C. aurentifoliae0
- Treatment
- extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifoliae0
- Outcome
- inhibition activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 71.10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifolia and C. reticulata showed 83.55%, 71.10% and 68.14% inhibition activity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Peel extract of C. reticulata showed 68.14% inhibition activity.
- Taxon
- C. reticulata
.jpg?width=60)
Citrus reticulatae0 - Treatment
- extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifolia and C. reticulatae0
- Outcome
- inhibition activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 68.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The extracts from the peels of C. sinensis, C. aurentifolia and C. reticulata showed 83.55%, 71.10% and 68.14% inhibition activity, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Geranoxycumarine, triclosan and benzetonine were among the most active compounds in grapefruit and sweet orange, which are high in alkaloids and phenolics.
Verbatim
e0“the most active geranoxycumarine, triclosan, benzetonine, limonin and nomilin contained in grapefruit (Citrus vitis) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) have high alkaloids and phenolic phytoconstituents”
Claim · model-written summary
Limonin and nomilin were among the most active compounds in grapefruit and sweet orange, which are high in alkaloids and phenolics.
Verbatim
e0“the most active geranoxycumarine, triclosan, benzetonine, limonin and nomilin contained in grapefruit (Citrus vitis) and sweet orange (C. sinensis) have high alkaloids and phenolic phytoconstituents”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungitoxicity of C. sinensis peel extracts equalled that of the synthetic fungicide benomyl.
- Taxon
- C. sinensisCitrus sinensise0
- Treatment
- extracts from the peels of C. sinensise0
- Outcome
- fungitoxicitye0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- benomyle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungitoxicity of the extracts from the peels of C. sinensis was the same as that of benomyl”
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.