Abstract
Metal contamination of the soils is a widespread problem and immobilization of metals with organic amendments is one of the differentremediation technologies. We investigated the effect of activated carbon, poultry manure and pressmud on immobilization of nickel, manganese, copper, zinc, iron and lead in the contaminated soil, plant growth and metal concentrations in maize shoots. The amendments were applied to the soil at the rate of 4% on dry weight basis. Amendments significantly (P <0.001) affected shoot dry weight and concentrations ofall metals in maize shoots as compared to the control. The maximum shoot dry weight (4.54 g pot-1) was recorded with pressmud, while it was minimum with the control (2.22 g pot-1). Maize shoots contained theminimum nickel (3.54 mg kg-1) with activated carbon and the minimumconcentrations of manganese (11.02 mg kg-1), zinc (48.06 mg kg-1) and iron (104.66 mg kg-1) were recorded with pressmud. Maize shoots contained the minimum concentrations of copper (25.41 mg kg-1) and lead (53.40 mg kg-1) with poultry manure and control, respectively. Amendments significantly (P <0.001) decreased ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable concentrations of metals except lead. Activated carbon treated pots had minimum AB-DTPA extractable concentrations of all the metals except iron and lead. Activated carbon was most effective in immobilization of Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu decreasing AB-DTPA extractable Ni in the soil, while Fe and Pb wasincreased due to application of other amendments. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments significantly affected maize shoot dry weight and all measured shoot metal concentrations.
- Treatment
- Amendmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight and concentrations ofall metalse0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amendments significantly (P <0.001) affected shoot dry weight and concentrations ofall metals in maize shoots as compared to the control.”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressmud produced maximum shoot dry weight of 4.54 g pot-1 versus 2.22 g pot-1 in the control.
- Treatment
- pressmude0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.54 g pot-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2.22 g pot-1e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum shoot dry weight (4.54 g pot-1) was recorded with pressmud, while it was minimum with the control (2.22 g pot-1).”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated carbon yielded minimum maize shoot nickel concentration of 3.54 mg kg-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize shoots contained theminimum nickel (3.54 mg kg-1) with activated carbon”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressmud yielded minimum maize shoot manganese concentration of 11.02 mg kg-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimumconcentrations of manganese (11.02 mg kg-1), zinc (48.06 mg kg-1) and iron (104.66 mg kg-1) were recorded with pressmud”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressmud yielded minimum maize shoot zinc concentration of 48.06 mg kg-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimumconcentrations of manganese (11.02 mg kg-1), zinc (48.06 mg kg-1) and iron (104.66 mg kg-1) were recorded with pressmud”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressmud yielded minimum maize shoot iron concentration of 104.66 mg kg-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimumconcentrations of manganese (11.02 mg kg-1), zinc (48.06 mg kg-1) and iron (104.66 mg kg-1) were recorded with pressmud”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure yielded minimum maize shoot copper concentration of 25.41 mg kg-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum concentrations of copper (25.41 mg kg-1) and lead (53.40 mg kg-1) with poultry manure and control, respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control yielded minimum maize shoot lead concentration of 53.40 mg kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum concentrations of copper (25.41 mg kg-1) and lead (53.40 mg kg-1) with poultry manure and control, respectively”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments significantly reduced soil extractable metals except lead.
- Treatment
- Amendmentse0
- Outcome
- AB-DTPA) extractable concentrations of metalse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except leade0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Amendments significantly (P <0.001) decreased ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable concentrations of metals except lead.”
t0“maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated carbon gave minimum soil extractable metals except iron and lead.
- Treatment
- Activated carbone0
- Outcome
- AB-DTPA extractable concentrationse0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Qualifier
- except iron and leade0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Activated carbon treated pots had minimum AB-DTPA extractable concentrations of all the metals except iron and lead.”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated carbon was most effective for immobilization of Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Activated carbon was most effective in immobilization of Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Other amendments increased soil Fe and Pb.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fe and Pb wasincreased due to application of other amendments”
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See all 1,164 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.