Abstract
Abstract Biobased residues are local and cost‐effective sources of soil amendments that can efficiently provide nutrients to crops, enhance soil health and serve as alternatives to mineral fertilizers. The objective of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the soil health and crop productivity of temperate agroecosystems amended with different types of organic residues (biobased residues), including composted food waste (compost), biosolid slurry (biosolids) and liquid anaerobic digestate (digestate), compared with nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on a silt loam soil under maize–soybean rotation in Canada, where a wide range of physical, chemical and biological indicators were measured and integrated into a soil health score. Biobased residues resulted in about 50%–60% increase in soil‐exchangeable potassium and 10% soil‐exchangeable sodium over levels found in nitrogen fertilizer. Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types ( p > .05). Crop productivity was similar among amendment types ( p > .05). We found that the soil health score of biosolids was positively correlated with shoot and root biomass and negatively correlated with shoot nitrogen ( p < .05), while that of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with shoot carbon ( p < .05). This was likely because of a variation in the availability of labile carbon and nitrogen among amendment types. Our research also suggests that temperate silt loam soil amended with biobased residues, especially biosolids, supplied sufficient nitrogen without the need for additional nitrogen fertilizer.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Biobased residues raised soil exchangeable potassium by about 50%–60% relative to nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- maize–soybean
Glycine max
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- Biobased residuese0
- Outcome
- soil‐exchangeable potassiume0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 50%–60%e0
- Comparator
- nitrogen fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Biobased residues resulted in about 50%–60% increase in soil‐exchangeable potassium and 10% soil‐exchangeable sodium over levels found in nitrogen fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Biobased residues raised soil exchangeable sodium by 10% relative to nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Biobased residuese0
- Outcome
- soil‐exchangeable sodiume0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- nitrogen fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Biobased residues resulted in about 50%–60% increase in soil‐exchangeable potassium and 10% soil‐exchangeable sodium over levels found in nitrogen fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass varied among growing seasons.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- differede0
- Setting
- growing seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types ( p > .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbes’ carbon substrate use capacity varied among growing seasons.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Outcome
- capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substratese0
- Direction
- differede0
- Setting
- growing seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types ( p > .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass did not differ significantly among amendment types.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- amendment typese0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types ( p > .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial carbon use capacity did not differ significantly among amendment types.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- amendment typese0
- Outcome
- capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substratese0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types ( p > .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop productivity was statistically similar across amendment types.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- amendment typese0
- Outcome
- Crop productivitye0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“Crop productivity was similar among amendment types ( p > .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids soil health score correlated positively with shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- biosolidse0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“the soil health score of biosolids was positively correlated with shoot and root biomass and negatively correlated with shoot nitrogen ( p < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids soil health score correlated positively with root biomass.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- biosolidse0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“the soil health score of biosolids was positively correlated with shoot and root biomass and negatively correlated with shoot nitrogen ( p < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosolids soil health score correlated negatively with shoot nitrogen.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- biosolidse0
- Outcome
- shoot nitrogene0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“the soil health score of biosolids was positively correlated with shoot and root biomass and negatively correlated with shoot nitrogen ( p < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer soil health score correlated positively with shoot carbon.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- shoot carbone0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“that of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with shoot carbon ( p < .05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that biobased residues, especially biosolids, supplied sufficient nitrogen without added nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- maize–soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- biobased residues, especially biosolidse0
- Outcome
- supplied sufficient nitrogen without the need for additional nitrogen fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize–soybean rotation”
e0“temperate silt loam soil amended with biobased residues, especially biosolids, supplied sufficient nitrogen without the need for additional nitrogen fertilizer”
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