Abstract
BACKGROUND: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) pose a persistent threat to global agriculture. The widespread use of chemical nematicides for their controlling has raised environmental safety and human health concerns, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Asarum sieboldii, a medicinal plant with documented bioactive properties, is a potential source of eco-friendly biocontrol agents. In this study, the nematicidal efficacy of A. sieboldii root volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against M. incognita was evaluated, and the mechanisms underlying the reduction in the number of root galls and egg masses by VOCs was elucidated. RESULTS: VOCs from A. siebedii roots exhibited significant nematicidal activity, causing 76.31% and 96.89% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 24 and 48 h, respectively, and effectively inhibited egg hatching by 72.94%. Activated carbon adsorption experiments confirmed VOCs as the primary bioactive agents. VOCs reduced the number of root galls and egg masses in tomato. We identified and screened three effective VOCs, namely 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity, and outperformed the commercial nematicide dazomet, reducing root galls on tomato by 65.5%, 55.3% and 44.4%, respectively, while enhancing the growth. These compounds triggered the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodes, leading to oxidative stress and concurrent inhibition of peroxidase and catalase activities. CONCLUSIONS: Three compounds from A. sieboldii exhibited fumigant activity against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth, highlighting their dual advantage over traditional chemical nematicides. These findings should contribute to the development of plant-based, environmentally-friendly strategies for integrated pest management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Asarum root VOCs caused 76.31% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 24 hours.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldii
Asarum sieboldiie1 - Treatment
- VOCs from A. siebedii rootse0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- mortality of second-stage M. incognita juvenilese0
- Direction
- causinge0
- Value
- 76.31%e0
- Qualifier
- 24e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“VOCs from A. siebedii roots exhibited significant nematicidal activity, causing 76.31% and 96.89% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 24 and 48 h, respectively”
e1“Asarum sieboldii roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Asarum root VOCs caused 96.89% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 48 hours.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldiiAsarum sieboldiit0
- Treatment
- VOCs from A. siebedii rootse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of second-stage M. incognita juvenilese0
- Direction
- causinge0
- Value
- 96.89%e0
- Qualifier
- 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VOCs from A. siebedii roots exhibited significant nematicidal activity, causing 76.31% and 96.89% mortality of second-stage M. incognita juveniles after 24 and 48 h, respectively”
t0“Asarum sieboldii roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Asarum root VOCs inhibited M. incognita egg hatching by 72.94%.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldiiAsarum sieboldiit0
- Treatment
- VOCs from A. siebedii rootse1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- egg hatchinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 72.94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effectively inhibited egg hatching by 72.94%”
e1“VOCs from A. siebedii roots”
t0“Asarum sieboldii roots”
e2“M. incognita juveniles”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated carbon adsorption confirmed VOCs were the primary bioactive agents.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldiiAsarum sieboldiit0
- Treatment
- Activated carbon adsorptione0
- Outcome
- VOCs as the primary bioactive agentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activated carbon adsorption experiments confirmed VOCs as the primary bioactive agents”
t0“Asarum sieboldii roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Asarum VOCs reduced tomato root galls and egg masses.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- VOCse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- number of root galls and egg massese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VOCs reduced the number of root galls and egg masses in tomato”
e1“against M. incognita was evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Three VOCs were identified and screened as effective against M. incognita.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldiiAsarum sieboldiit0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- three effective VOCs, namely 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinenee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified and screened three effective VOCs, namely 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene”
t0“Asarum sieboldii roots”
e1“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The three identified VOCs had direct-contact and fumigant activity against M. incognita.
- Taxon
- Asarum sieboldiiAsarum sieboldiit0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- direct-contact and fumigant activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity”
t0“Asarum sieboldii roots”
e1“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
3,5-dimethoxytoluene reduced tomato root galls by 65.5%, outperforming dazomet.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 3,5-dimethoxytoluenee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root gallse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 65.5%e0
- Comparator
- dazomete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity, and outperformed the commercial nematicide dazomet, reducing root galls on tomato by 65.5%, 55.3% and 44.4%, respectively”
e1“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
4-methoxyacetophenone reduced tomato root galls by 55.3%, outperforming dazomet.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 4-methoxyacetophenonee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root gallse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 55.3%e0
- Comparator
- dazomete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity, and outperformed the commercial nematicide dazomet, reducing root galls on tomato by 65.5%, 55.3% and 44.4%, respectively”
e1“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
β-pinene reduced tomato root galls by 44.4%, outperforming dazomet.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- β-pinenee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Outcome
- root gallse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 44.4%e0
- Comparator
- dazomete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β-pinene, that exhibited direct-contact and fumigant activity, and outperformed the commercial nematicide dazomet, reducing root galls on tomato by 65.5%, 55.3% and 44.4%, respectively”
e1“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified compounds enhanced tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinenee2
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while enhancing the growth”
e1“root galls on tomato”
e2“3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 4-methoxyacetophenone and β-pinene”
Claim · model-written summary
The compounds caused reactive oxygen species accumulation and oxidative stress in nematodes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- These compoundse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These compounds triggered the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodes, leading to oxidative stress”
e1“root galls on tomato”
e2“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The compounds inhibited peroxidase and catalase activities in nematodes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- These compoundse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- peroxidase and catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These compounds triggered the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nematodes, leading to oxidative stress and concurrent inhibition of peroxidase and catalase activities”
e1“root galls on tomato”
e2“against M. incognita and promoted tomato growth”
The same questions in other papers
volatile organic compound · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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