Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by green residues for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes are poorly studied for oilseed plants and some Brassica spp. To investigate the activity of VOC in vitro and as biofumigants, dry and aqueous macerates of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) shoots and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed were used against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. VOC produced by sunflower seed caused higher mortality of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J 2 ) than VOC produced by broccoli shoots but both plant species were equally effective in decreasing the infectivity and reproduction of this nematode. The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced by 89 and 95%, respectively, on average, at the highest concentrations of broccoli and sunflower seed macerates tested as biofumigants. When nematodes were placed in water exposed to broccoli VOC, J 2 immobility increased and the number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots decreased 80 and 96%, respectively. Water exposed to sunflower seed VOC had no effect on the viability of the nematode. Gas chromatography was used to identify five and six chemical groups in broccoli and in sunflower seed macerates, respectively, but only alcohols, sulfurated VOC, and terpenes were detected in the water exposed to these plant macerates. Sulfurated VOC from the water exposed to broccoli macerates were found to be involved in its activity against M. incognita. The purified VOC dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and 3-pentanol were tested directly against J 2 and showed a lethal concentration of 176 and 918 µg/ml (ppm), respectively, whereas dimethyl sulfide had no effect against M. incognita. Furthermore, DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in water killed J 2 and reduced gall formation and the number of eggs of M. incognita on tomato roots. Both these plant species produced toxic VOC to M. incognita, whereas only VOC retained in water exposed to broccoli had activity against M. incognita.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed volatiles caused higher juvenile nematode mortality than broccoli shoot volatiles.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- VOC produced by sunflower seede0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- mortality of M. incognita second-stage juvenilese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- VOC produced by broccoli shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“VOC produced by sunflower seed caused higher mortality of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J 2 ) than VOC produced by broccoli shoots”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli and sunflower volatiles were equally effective in reducing nematode infectivity and reproduction.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both plant speciese0
- Outcome
- infectivity and reproduction of this nematodee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both plant species were equally effective in decreasing the infectivity and reproduction of this nematode.”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest macerate concentrations reduced nematode galls in tomato roots by 89%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- broccoli and sunflower seed maceratese0
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced by 89 and 95%, respectively, on average, at the highest concentrations of broccoli and sunflower seed macerates tested as biofumigants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest macerate concentrations reduced nematode eggs in tomato roots by 95%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- broccoli and sunflower seed maceratese0
- Outcome
- eggs produced by the nematodee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced by 89 and 95%, respectively, on average, at the highest concentrations of broccoli and sunflower seed macerates tested as biofumigants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli volatile exposed water increased juvenile immobility.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- water exposed to broccoli VOCe0
- Outcome
- J 2 immobilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When nematodes were placed in water exposed to broccoli VOC, J 2 immobility increased”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli volatile exposed water decreased galls on tomato roots by 80%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- water exposed to broccoli VOCe1
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 80e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots decreased 80 and 96%, respectively.”
e1“When nematodes were placed in water exposed to broccoli VOC, J 2 immobility increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli volatile exposed water decreased nematode eggs on tomato roots by 96%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- water exposed to broccoli VOCe1
- Outcome
- eggs produced by the nematodee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots decreased 80 and 96%, respectively.”
e1“When nematodes were placed in water exposed to broccoli VOC, J 2 immobility increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed volatile exposed water had no effect on nematode viability.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Water exposed to sunflower seed VOCe0
- Outcome
- viability of the nematodee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water exposed to sunflower seed VOC had no effect on the viability of the nematode.”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Five chemical groups were identified in broccoli macerates.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Outcome
- chemical groupse0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas chromatography was used to identify five and six chemical groups in broccoli and in sunflower seed macerates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Six chemical groups were identified in sunflower seed macerates.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- chemical groupse0
- Value
- sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas chromatography was used to identify five and six chemical groups in broccoli and in sunflower seed macerates, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcohols, sulfurated volatiles and terpenes were found in exposed water.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- alcohols, sulfurated VOC, and terpenese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only alcohols, sulfurated VOC, and terpenes were detected in the water exposed to these plant macerates.”
t0“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfurated volatiles in broccoli exposed water contributed to activity against the nematode.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Compound
- Sulfurated VOCe0
- Outcome
- activity against M. incognitae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfurated VOC from the water exposed to broccoli macerates were found to be involved in its activity against M. incognita.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide had a lethal concentration of 176 µg/ml against juveniles.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)e0
- Interactor
- J 2e0pathogen
- Outcome
- lethal concentratione0
- Value
- 176e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The purified VOC dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and 3-pentanol were tested directly against J 2 and showed a lethal concentration of 176 and 918 µg/ml (ppm), respectively”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
3-pentanol had a lethal concentration of 918 µg/ml against juveniles.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3-pentanole0
- Interactor
- J 2e0pathogen
- Outcome
- lethal concentratione0
- Value
- 918 µg/ml (ppm)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The purified VOC dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and 3-pentanol were tested directly against J 2 and showed a lethal concentration of 176 and 918 µg/ml (ppm), respectively”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl sulfide had no effect against the nematode.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dimethyl sulfidee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. incognitae0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dimethyl sulfide had no effect against M. incognita.”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in water killed juveniles.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in watere0
- Interactor
- J 2e0pathogen
- Outcome
- killed J 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in water killed J 2”
t0“The number of galls and eggs produced by the nematode in tomato roots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in water reduced galls and eggs on tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in watere0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- gall formation and the number of eggs of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS and 3-pentanol retained in water killed J 2 and reduced gall formation and the number of eggs of M. incognita on tomato roots.”
The same questions in other papers
dimethyl disulfide · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dimethyl disulfide · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Brassica oleracea var. italica · Nematoda · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
volatile organic compound · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.