Abstract
The study's goals are to assess different weeping willow bark extract concentrations, ideal application times, and how these factors combine to improve tuberose growth and flower quality. The growth and quality production of plants is negatively affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses including high potential of hydrogen (pH). Plants biostimulants are environmentally and eco-friendly which may involve in promoting sustainable production. Willow is not only a source of salicylic acid (SA) but also known as a natural and local source of bioactive, inexpensive and self-achieved plant biostimulants. An experiment on the effect of weeping willow bark extracts and their time of application on the growth and flower production of tuberose was carried out at the Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan in 2022. The Soil texture of the experimental site was silt loam with high pH (8.1). The experimental design was a Complete Block Design, arranged in a split plot. There were two factors: Factor A (main-plot) application time i.e. 20, 30, 40 days after plant emergence and Factor B (sub-plot) willow bark extracts i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%. The experimental findings revealed that WBE and their application time significantly improved all the studied parameters in tuberose. Interaction between Willow Bark Extracts (WBE) and time of application was found significant for leaf area and floret fresh weight. Maximum number of leaves, days to last floret opening, plant height, chlorophyll content, floret spike, days of vase life and least days to spike emergence were observed with application of 8% of WBE, it was statistically similar with application of WBE at 6 and 4%. Maximum leave plant-1, chlorophyll content; extended vase life and early spike emergence were noticed in plants sprayed 40 days after emergence. Maximum days to last floret opening, florets spike-1; tallest plants and least days to first floret opening were recorded in plants of tuberose treated 40 days after emergence that were statistically similar to the findings observed when plants were sprayed 30 days after emergence. It is concluded that foliar application of WBE at 4% proved best and economical for better growth and flower production with superior quality in tuberose. While, application of WBE, 40 days after plant emergence was found most effective for most of the studied attributes in Tuberose.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Willow bark extract and application time significantly improved studied tuberose parameters.
- Taxon
- tuberose
Agave amicae0 - Treatment
- WBE and their application timee0
- Outcome
- all the studied parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WBE and their application time significantly improved all the studied parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction between extract and application time was significant for tuberose leaf area and floret fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae1
- Treatment
- time of applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area and floret fresh weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between Willow Bark Extracts (WBE) and time of application was found significant for leaf area and floret fresh weight.”
e1“parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
An 8% extract application produced maximum leaves, plant height and chlorophyll content in tuberose.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae1
- Treatment
- 8% of WBEe0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, days to last floret opening, plant heighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of leaves, days to last floret opening, plant height, chlorophyll content, floret spike, days of vase life and least days to spike emergence were observed with application of 8% of WBE”
e1“parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
An 8% extract application delayed last floret opening and extended vase life, while advancing spike emergence.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae1
- Treatment
- 8% of WBEe0
- Outcome
- days to last floret openinge0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum number of leaves, days to last floret opening, plant height, chlorophyll content, floret spike, days of vase life and least days to spike emergence were observed with application of 8% of WBE”
e1“parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 40 days after emergence maximized leaves and chlorophyll content and extended vase life.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae1
- Treatment
- sprayed 40 days after emergencee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum leave plant-1, chlorophyll content; extended vase life and early spike emergence were noticed in plants sprayed 40 days after emergence.”
e1“parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying 40 days after emergence advanced spike emergence in tuberose.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae1
- Treatment
- sprayed 40 days after emergencee0
- Outcome
- spike emergencee0
- Direction
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early spike emergence were noticed in plants sprayed 40 days after emergence.”
e1“parameters in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying tuberose 40 days after emergence maximized last floret opening, florets per spike and height, and advanced first floret opening.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae0
- Treatment
- treated 40 days after emergencee0
- Outcome
- days to last floret openinge0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum days to last floret opening, florets spike-1; tallest plants and least days to first floret opening were recorded in plants of tuberose treated 40 days after emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 4% foliar willow bark extract for economical tuberose growth and flower production.
- Taxon
- tuberoseAgave amicae0
- Treatment
- WBE at 4%e0
- Outcome
- better growth and flower production with superior qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of WBE at 4% proved best and economical for better growth and flower production with superior quality in tuberose.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify application 40 days after emergence as most effective for most tuberose traits.
- Taxon
- TuberoseAgave amicae0
- Treatment
- application of WBE, 40 days after plant emergencee0
- Outcome
- most of the studied attributese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of WBE, 40 days after plant emergence was found most effective for most of the studied attributes in Tuberose.”
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