Abstract
Biological invasion is a critical ecological challenge, exerting profound impacts on ecosystem stability, public health, and economic sustainability. To better understand the successful invasion mechanism, many hypotheses have been proposed. However, the roles of hormones in it are not clear, especially for the differential effects of hormones on invasive and native plants, and its mechanisms. In this study, we hypothesized that there was not only a difference in hormone (auxin) concentration between invasive and native plants but also a difference in the effect of auxin on invasive and native plants. The above characteristics drove the successful invasion of invasive plants. To verify this hypothesis and investigate the mechanism, auxin concentration, and physiological index determination, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed. Our results showed that the auxin concentration was higher in invasive plants Xanthium strumarium and the growth-promoting effect of auxin on the invader was stronger than its native congener X. sibiricum . Compared with X. sibiricum , the auxin signal transduction in X. strumarium was more strongly activated, and more genes were differentially expressed in response to auxin. Auxin strongly promoted the growth of X. strumarium by enhancing photosynthesis, reducing the resources investment in defense and stress resistance, and promoting cell growth and division. However, the promoting effect of auxin on X. sibiricum was mainly achieved by enhancing photosynthesis. Our results elucidated the mechanism of auxin driving X. strumarium invasion, which contributed to the systematic proposal of the hormone-driven hypothesis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin concentration was higher in invasive Xanthium strumarium.
- Taxon
- Xanthium strumarium
Xanthium strumariume0 - Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- auxin concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the auxin concentration was higher in invasive plants Xanthium strumarium”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin promoted growth more strongly in X. strumarium than X. sibiricum.
- Taxon
- Xanthium strumariumXanthium strumariumt0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effecte0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- X. sibiricume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth-promoting effect of auxin on the invader was stronger than its native congener X. sibiricum”
t0“Xanthium strumarium”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin signal transduction was more strongly activated in X. strumarium than X. sibiricum.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Outcome
- auxin signal transductione0
- Direction
- more strongly activatede0
- Comparator
- X. sibiricume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with X. sibiricum , the auxin signal transduction in X. strumarium was more strongly activated”
Claim · model-written summary
More genes were differentially expressed in X. strumarium in response to auxin than in X. sibiricum.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- genes were differentially expressede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- X. sibiricume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with X. sibiricum , the auxin signal transduction in X. strumarium was more strongly activated, and more genes were differentially expressed in response to auxin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin promoted X. strumarium growth by enhancing photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- Auxine0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- enhancing photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin strongly promoted the growth of X. strumarium by enhancing photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin promoted X. strumarium growth by reducing investment in defense and stress resistance.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- Auxine0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- reducing the resources investment in defense and stress resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin strongly promoted the growth of X. strumarium by enhancing photosynthesis, reducing the resources investment in defense and stress resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin promoted X. strumarium growth by promoting cell growth and division.
- Taxon
- X. strumariumXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- Auxine0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- promoting cell growth and divisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin strongly promoted the growth of X. strumarium by enhancing photosynthesis, reducing the resources investment in defense and stress resistance, and promoting cell growth and division”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin promoted X. sibiricum growth mainly by enhancing photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- X. sibiricum
Xanthium sibiricume0 - Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- promoting effecte0
- Qualifier
- enhancing photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the promoting effect of auxin on X. sibiricum was mainly achieved by enhancing photosynthesis”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.