Abstract
Garlic is a significant winter cash crop in Brazil, succeeded by soybeans during the summer, providing economic benefits and other advantages. Soybeans are primarily cultivated for their seeds, but they can also be harvested as a vegetable known as edamame. Since there are currently no studies regarding the soybean cyst nematode (SCN)–Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe) in garlic-soybean-garlic crop succession, this study aimed to explore its role in addition to control strategies that affect SCN dynamics. The trials occurred in a central-pivot irrigation area naturally infested with SCN race 5 in Campo Alegre de Goiás, GO, Brazil, in 2023 and 2024. Six treatments were employed: (1) Bacillus subtilis; (2) Abamectin; (3) Nitrogen + amino acids; (4) Fluopyram; (5) Purpureocillium lilacinum + Trichoderma harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer; and (6) Control. Although garlic is not a host for SCN, this PPN could survive in the soil and multiply in volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean plants or weeds, which help maintain its population. Still, turning over the soil for garlic planting and allowing a fallow period reduced the population. Fluopyram and P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer, particularly Fluopyram, provided a decrease in the number of J2 and females as well as higher productivity for both crops. In this context, sustainable practices can help reduce nematode populations, and biological products may play a crucial role in integrated management systems within this tropical region.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic was not a host of soybean cyst nematode.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Interactor
- SCNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- not a host for SCNe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although garlic is not a host for SCN”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean cyst nematode survived in soil during garlic succession.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Interactor
- PPNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PPN could survive in the soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this PPN could survive in the soil”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean cyst nematode could multiply in volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean plants or weeds.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- multiply in volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean plants or weedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multiply in volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean plants or weeds”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil turnover for garlic planting and fallow reduced the nematode population.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- turning over the soil for garlic planting and allowing a fallow periode0
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“turning over the soil for garlic planting and allowing a fallow period reduced the population”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram decreased soybean cyst nematode J2 and female numbers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Fluopyrame0
- Outcome
- number of J2 and femalese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluopyram and P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer, particularly Fluopyram, provided a decrease in the number of J2 and females”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. lilacinum and T. harzianum fertilizer mixture decreased soybean cyst nematode J2 and female numbers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- number of J2 and femalese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluopyram and P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer, particularly Fluopyram, provided a decrease in the number of J2 and females”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram increased productivity of both crops.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Fluopyrame0
- Outcome
- productivity for both cropse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluopyram and P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer, particularly Fluopyram, provided a decrease in the number of J2 and females as well as higher productivity for both crops.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. lilacinum and T. harzianum fertilizer mixture increased productivity of both crops.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- productivity for both cropse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluopyram and P. lilacinum + T. harzianum + organo-mineral fertilizer, particularly Fluopyram, provided a decrease in the number of J2 and females as well as higher productivity for both crops.”
t0“garlic”
The same questions in other papers
fluopyram · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
Purpureocillium lilacinum · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fluopyram · yield · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma harzianum · yield · Allium sativum (garlic)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →fertilization · yield · Allium sativum (garlic)Results differ
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
162 papers more in this group
See all 166 papers →fertilization · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.