Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity, particularly under environmental constraints. While plant growth regulators (PGRs), particularly synthetic auxins like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), have demonstrated potential in managing these physiological limitations, cultivar-specific responses and optimal application protocols remain insufficiently characterized. RESULTS: This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions. Application of 2,4-D, particularly at 50 mg/L during the kimri stage, significantly improved key agronomic parameters, including bunch weight, fruit and pulp weight, fruit length and width, and moisture content. Fruit quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, and tannins were also enhanced. Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control. Among the tested cultivars, differential responses were observed, with one cultivar consistently showing superior outcomes in terms of fruit quality. CONCLUSION: The exogenous application of 2,4-D demonstrated a positive effect on reducing fruit drop and enhancing both physical and quality traits in date palm cultivars. These findings suggest that 2,4-D can serve as an effective tool in sustainable date palm production by improving yield and fruit quality under stress conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D at 50 mg/L during the kimri stage significantly improved bunch weight, fruit weight and pulp weight of date palm
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferae0 - Organ / stage
- kimri stagee1
- Treatment
- Application of 2,4-D, particularly at 50 mg/L during the kimri stagee1
- Outcome
- bunch weight, fruit and pulp weighte1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e1“Application of 2,4-D, particularly at 50 mg/L during the kimri stage, significantly improved key agronomic parameters, including bunch weight, fruit and pulp weight, fruit length and width, and moisture content”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D at 50 mg/L during the kimri stage significantly improved fruit length, fruit width and moisture content of date palm
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Organ / stage
- kimri stagee1
- Treatment
- Application of 2,4-D, particularly at 50 mg/L during the kimri stagee1
- Outcome
- fruit length and width, and moisture contente1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
- Setting
- field conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e1“Application of 2,4-D, particularly at 50 mg/L during the kimri stage, significantly improved key agronomic parameters, including bunch weight, fruit and pulp weight, fruit length and width, and moisture content”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
One date palm cultivar consistently showed superior fruit quality in response to 2,4-D
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Material
- one cultivare6
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye6
- Direction
- superiore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e6“with one cultivar consistently showing superior outcomes in terms of fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D enhanced total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars in date palm fruit
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied 2,4-De2
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugarse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
e4“Fruit quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, and tannins were also enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D enhanced ascorbic acid and tannins in date palm fruit
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied 2,4-De2
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid, and tanninse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
e4“Fruit quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, and tannins were also enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D significantly increased peroxidase and catalase activity in date palm compared with the untreated control
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied 2,4-De2
- Outcome
- peroxidase and catalasee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 2,4-D significantly increased flavonoids and phenolic content in date palm compared with the untreated control
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferae0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied 2,4-De2
- Outcome
- flavonoids, and phenolic contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop and quality deterioration are major constraints limiting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity”
e2“This study evaluated the impact of foliar-applied 2,4-D at three concentrations (25, 50, and 75 mg/L) on fruit retention and quality traits in two date palm cultivars under field conditions”
e3“Furthermore, antioxidative enzymes peroxidase and catalase, flavonoids, and phenolic content were significantly higher compared to the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 2,4-D had a positive effect on reducing fruit drop in date palm cultivars
- Taxon
- date palm cultivarsPhoenix dactyliferae5
- Treatment
- exogenous application of 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- fruit drope5
- Direction
- reducinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The exogenous application of 2,4-D demonstrated a positive effect on reducing fruit drop and enhancing both physical and quality traits in date palm cultivars”
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