Abstract
Clonal propagation of avocado rootstocks through etiolated shoot rooting represents a key strategy to enhance genetic uniformity, plant health, and productivity in commercial orchards. However, its success largely depends on the rooting phase, where auxins play a critical role. This study evaluated the effect of auxin-based rooting agents (types and concentrations) on root induction and quality in etiolated shoots of the ‘Duke 7’ rootstock. Five agents (IAA, NAA, IBA, K-IBA, and IBA + NAA combination) were tested at three concentrations (24.6, 34.4, and 44.2 mM) under a completely randomized factorial design (5 × 3) with three replicates per treatment. Morphological variables included rooting percentage, survival rate, root number/length/diameter, secondary root development, callus formation, and root quality index (RQI). Results revealed significant effects of agent type, concentration, and their interaction. NAA (34.4 mM) was the most effective for root number (55.3) and RQI (154.9 cm), albeit with high callus formation and reduced secondary roots. The IBA + NAA combination (34.4 mM) also showed high RQI (140.4 cm), with greater root length and less negative impact on root architecture. IBA alone achieved 100% rooting with moderate root development, balancing efficacy and physiological tolerance. Overall, intermediate concentrations of NAA and IBA + NAA yielded optimal results. These findings can refine clonal propagation protocols for ‘Duke 7’, with direct applications in commercial nurseries producing high-performance rootstocks.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rooting responses depended significantly on agent type, concentration, and their interaction.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanat0 - Outcome
- effects of agent type, concentration, and their interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant effects of agent type, concentration, and their interaction.”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 34.4 mM produced the most roots, 55.3.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Material
- Duke 7t0
- Treatment
- NAA (34.4 mM)e0
- Outcome
- root numbere0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 55.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA (34.4 mM) was the most effective for root number (55.3) and RQI (154.9 cm)”
t0“avocado rootstock 'Duke 7'”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 34.4 mM yielded an RQI of 154.9 cm.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- NAA (34.4 mM)e0
- Outcome
- RQIe0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 154.9 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA (34.4 mM) was the most effective for root number (55.3) and RQI (154.9 cm)”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 34.4 mM caused high callus formation.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- NAA (34.4 mM)e1
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“albeit with high callus formation and reduced secondary roots”
t0“avocado”
e1“NAA (34.4 mM) was the most effective for root number (55.3) and RQI (154.9 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA at 34.4 mM reduced secondary roots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- NAA (34.4 mM)e1
- Outcome
- secondary rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“albeit with high callus formation and reduced secondary roots”
t0“avocado”
e1“NAA (34.4 mM) was the most effective for root number (55.3) and RQI (154.9 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA plus NAA at 34.4 mM yielded an RQI of 140.4 cm.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- IBA + NAA combination (34.4 mM)e0
- Outcome
- RQIe0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 140.4 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IBA + NAA combination (34.4 mM) also showed high RQI (140.4 cm)”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA plus NAA produced greater root length and less negative impact on root architecture.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- IBA + NAA combination (34.4 mM)e1
- Outcome
- root length and less negative impact on root architecturee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with greater root length and less negative impact on root architecture.”
t0“avocado”
e1“The IBA + NAA combination (34.4 mM) also showed high RQI (140.4 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA alone achieved 100% rooting.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IBA alone achieved 100% rooting with moderate root development”
t0“avocado”
Claim · model-written summary
IBA alone produced moderate root development.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanat0
- Treatment
- IBA alonee0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- moderatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IBA alone achieved 100% rooting with moderate root development”
t0“avocado”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-butyric acid · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →indole-3-butyric acid · quality: general · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · Persea americana (avocado)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.