Abstract
Introduction Field chilling stress during the maturation phase significantly impairs tobacco productivity and leaf quality. Nitrogen (N) management is a crucial agronomic approach for enhancing leaf quality and curing attributes; however, its specific role under chilling stress conditions remains poorly understood. Methods Field demonstrations employed ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ tobacco cultivar under varying N fertilization rates, i.e., T1 (18.9 kg N ha -1 ), T2 (27 kg N ha -1 , conventional rate), and T3 (35.1 kg N ha -1 ) with uniform basal application of 15,000 kg ha⁻¹ composted farmyard manure. This study evaluated the quality characteristics of fresh and cured tobacco leaves, as well as the curing process, by integrating physical and chemical analysis with multivariate statistical approaches, including principal component analysis and multiple linear stepwise regressions. Results Fresh tobacco quality, such as leaf tissue integrity, chloroplast pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as curing characteristics (leaf moisture regulation capacity, pigment conversion efficiency, and antioxidant system stability) exhibited gradient pattern of T3 > T2 > T1, respectively. This trend was also reflected in carbon-nitrogen metabolic accumulation, economic traits, and sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves. T3 treatment application enhanced tobacco yield (7.35%) and economic value (43.97%) as compared to T2 treatment. Principal component analysis and multiple linear stepwise regressions revealed covariance structures among economic traits, sensory quality, and principal components F1 and F2 (R 2 =0.87, P <0.05). F1 (60.53% variance explanation rate) loaded predominantly on N fertilization rates and chloroplast pigments, whereas F2 (23.75%) exhibited strong factor loading with nicotine content, total N, and neochlorogenic acid content. Conclusions Increasing N fertilization by 30% above the conventional rate mitigates the adverse effects of field chilling stress, leading to significant improvements in yield and quality of mature tobacco.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh tobacco leaf quality (tissue integrity, chloroplast pigments, antioxidant enzymes) followed a gradient of T3 > T2 > T1 in N rate.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Material
- Honghuadajinyuane2
- Treatment
- varying N fertilization ratese2
- Outcome
- leaf tissue integrity, chloroplast pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- gradient pattern of T3 > T2 > T1e1
- Comparator
- T2e1
- Setting
- Field demonstrationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e1“Fresh tobacco quality, such as leaf tissue integrity, chloroplast pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as curing characteristics (leaf moisture regulation capacity, pigment conversion efficiency, and antioxidant system stability) exhibited gradient pattern of T3 > T2 > T1, respectively”
e2“Field demonstrations employed ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ tobacco cultivar under varying N fertilization rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Curing characteristics (leaf moisture regulation, pigment conversion, antioxidant stability) followed a gradient of T3 > T2 > T1 in N rate.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- Honghuadajinyuane2
- Treatment
- varying N fertilization ratese2
- Outcome
- leaf moisture regulation capacity, pigment conversion efficiency, and antioxidant system stabilitye1
- Direction
- gradient pattern of T3 > T2 > T1e1
- Comparator
- T2e1
- Setting
- Field demonstrationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e1“Fresh tobacco quality, such as leaf tissue integrity, chloroplast pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activities as well as curing characteristics (leaf moisture regulation capacity, pigment conversion efficiency, and antioxidant system stability) exhibited gradient pattern of T3 > T2 > T1, respectively”
e2“Field demonstrations employed ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ tobacco cultivar under varying N fertilization rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The T3 > T2 > T1 trend was also reflected in carbon-nitrogen metabolic accumulation, economic traits and sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- cured tobacco leavese3
- Outcome
- carbon-nitrogen metabolic accumulation, economic traits, and sensory qualitye3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e3“This trend was also reflected in carbon-nitrogen metabolic accumulation, economic traits, and sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 treatment enhanced tobacco yield by 7.35% compared with T2 treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- Honghuadajinyuane2
- Treatment
- T3 treatment applicatione4
- Outcome
- tobacco yielde4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Value
- 7.35%e4
- Comparator
- T2 treatmente4
- Setting
- Field demonstrationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e2“Field demonstrations employed ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ tobacco cultivar under varying N fertilization rates”
e4“T3 treatment application enhanced tobacco yield (7.35%) and economic value (43.97%) as compared to T2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 treatment enhanced economic value by 43.97% compared with T2 treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- Honghuadajinyuane2
- Treatment
- T3 treatment applicatione4
- Outcome
- economic valuee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Value
- 43.97%e4
- Comparator
- T2 treatmente4
- Setting
- Field demonstrationse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e2“Field demonstrations employed ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ tobacco cultivar under varying N fertilization rates”
e4“T3 treatment application enhanced tobacco yield (7.35%) and economic value (43.97%) as compared to T2 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component and stepwise regression analyses revealed covariance structures among economic traits, sensory quality and components F1 and F2 (R2 = 0.87).
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- covariance structurese5
- Value
- R 2 =0.87e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e5“Principal component analysis and multiple linear stepwise regressions revealed covariance structures among economic traits, sensory quality, and principal components F1 and F2 (R 2 =0.87, P <0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Component F1 explained 60.53% of variance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- variance explanation ratee6
- Value
- 60.53%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e6“F1 (60.53% variance explanation rate) loaded predominantly on N fertilization rates and chloroplast pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Component F1 loaded predominantly on N fertilization rates and chloroplast pigments.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilization ratese6
- Compound
- chloroplast pigmentse6
- Outcome
- loaded predominantlye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e6“F1 (60.53% variance explanation rate) loaded predominantly on N fertilization rates and chloroplast pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Component F2 showed strong factor loading with nicotine content, total N and neochlorogenic acid content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- nicotine contente7
- Outcome
- strong factor loadinge7
- Qualifier
- total N, and neochlorogenic acid contente7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e7“F2 (23.75%) exhibited strong factor loading with nicotine content, total N, and neochlorogenic acid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization by 30% above the conventional rate mitigates the adverse effects of field chilling stress on tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing N fertilization by 30% above the conventional ratee1
- Outcome
- adverse effects of field chilling stresse1
- Direction
- mitigatese1
- Comparator
- conventional ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“quality and curing characteristics of tobacco”
e1“Increasing N fertilization by 30% above the conventional rate mitigates the adverse effects of field chilling stress”
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