Abstract
Abstract Effective waterhemp management in crop rotations that include sugar beet requires a proactive approach, starting with robust weed management in the preceding crop. Sugar beet is vulnerable to weeds due to its poor competitiveness during its early growth stages and a limited availability of effective herbicide options within this rotation. This research aimed to evaluate multi-tactic weed management strategies, including planting soybean in narrow rows with low- and high-input treatments, and a high-input treatment plus harvest-time weed seed control (HWSC) simulation, on waterhemp control and seed production in soybean, and their effects on waterhemp density in the following sugar beet crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 in Franklin, Moorhead, and Rosemount, Minnesota. Soybean planted in narrow rows closed the canopy earlier at Franklin in 2021 and at Moorhead in 2022. Soybean row spacing did not affect waterhemp control, density, biomass, or seed production at any site-year. A high-input treatment consisting of flumioxazin applied preemergence followed by (fb) an early postemergence application of lactofen + acetochlor fb a late-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate provided ≥95% waterhemp control at harvest at all site-years and seed production was reduced to 0 seeds m −2 at Franklin and Rosemount. At those locations, waterhemp control at harvest was comparable among all high-input herbicide treatments. Soybean planted in narrow rows yielded 9.4% and 18.5% more than soybean planted in wide rows at Franklin and Rosemount, respectively, while no yield difference was observed at Moorhead. Waterhemp emergence in the subsequent season’s sugar beet crop fell by 72% to 92% at the Franklin site in 2022, Moorhead in 2023, and Rosemount in 2023 after high-input herbicide treatments. However, adding HWSC to a high-input treatment did not result in a further reduction of waterhemp density. In this research, 1 yr of effective waterhemp control with high-input herbicide treatments in soybean reduced waterhemp emergence in the following season’s sugar beet crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow rows closed the soybean canopy earlier at two sites.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Outcome
- closed the canopye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean planted in narrow rows closed the canopy earlier at Franklin in 2021 and at Moorhead in 2022”
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing did not affect waterhemp control, density, biomass, or seed production.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- row spacinge0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp control, density, biomasse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean row spacing did not affect waterhemp control, density, biomass, or seed production at any site-year”
Claim · model-written summary
High-input herbicides provided at least 95% waterhemp control.
- Treatment
- flumioxazin applied preemergence followed by (fb) an early postemergence application of lactofen + acetochlor fb a late-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp controle0
- Direction
- providede0
- Value
- ≥95%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A high-input treatment consisting of flumioxazin applied preemergence followed by (fb) an early postemergence application of lactofen + acetochlor fb a late-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate provided ≥95% waterhemp control at harvest at all site-years”
Claim · model-written summary
High-input herbicides reduced waterhemp seed production to zero at two sites.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“seed production was reduced to 0 seeds m −2 at Franklin and Rosemount”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow soybean rows increased yield by 9.4% at Franklin.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 9.4%e0
- Comparator
- wide rowse0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean planted in narrow rows yielded 9.4% and 18.5% more than soybean planted in wide rows at Franklin and Rosemount, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow soybean rows increased yield by 18.5% at Rosemount.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 18.5%e0
- Comparator
- wide rowse0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean planted in narrow rows yielded 9.4% and 18.5% more than soybean planted in wide rows at Franklin and Rosemount, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield did not differ by row width at Moorhead.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“while no yield difference was observed at Moorhead”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterhemp emergence in subsequent sugar beet fell by 72% to 92% after high-input herbicides.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- high-input herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- Waterhemp emergencee0
- Direction
- felle0
- Value
- 72% to 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterhemp emergence in the subsequent season’s sugar beet crop fell by 72% to 92% at the Franklin site in 2022, Moorhead in 2023, and Rosemount in 2023 after high-input herbicide treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding harvest-time weed seed control did not further reduce waterhemp density.
- Treatment
- adding HWSC to a high-input treatmente0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp densitye0
- Direction
- did not result in a further reductione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“adding HWSC to a high-input treatment did not result in a further reduction of waterhemp density”
The same questions in other papers
density · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
herbicide · growth · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.