Abstract
• CA treatment induced plant physiochemical responses that enhance cold tolerance. • The efficacy of exogenous ABA in mitigating CS is strongly genotype-dependent. • ABA enhanced growth-related traits and antioxidant enzymes in CA and CS conditions. • ABA modulates physio-biochemical indices and stress-responsive gene expression under CS condition. Cold stress is a major constraint to rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the key phytohormones involved in plant stress response. However, how ABA and chilling acclimation improve cold stress tolerance in rice is poorly understood. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of exogenous ABA application on morpho-physiochemical responses of rice genotypes under cold stress (CS) and chilling acclimation (CA) conditions. CS significantly diminished survival rates and seedlings growth in all genotypes, while significant variations were observed in their response to ABA application under CS and CA conditions. Moreover, ABA application displayed growth-promoting еffеcts and increased survival rates with higher ABA concentrations. Besides, it improved osmotic adjustment by osmolytes, which reduced MDA content and regulated osmotic and water balance, indicating a decrease in membrane lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, exogenous ABA application elevated ROS scavenging through regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the accumulation of H 2 O 2 and O 2 − , which enhanced dеfеnsе mechanisms of seedlings under CS and CA conditions. Moreover, 50 µM of ABA led to upregulated OsABF1, OsPsbR1 , and OsPsbR3 , while the OsABA45 gene was non-significantly affected under CS conditions. Besides, a slight downregulation was observed with OsABA45 in 9311; OsSNAC1 , and OsRAB16A in NIP under CA versus control. Notably, ABA application regulated the expression of key stress-responsive genes, including upregulation of the protective protein-coding gene (OsLEA3), while downregulation of the primary transcription factor ( OsDREB2A ) under CS conditions, indicating a complex, fine-tuned regulatory network. The current study highlights that modulating ABA signaling pathways can enhance cold tolerance by improving the antioxidant defense system, thereby providing a promising strategy to improve rice seedling survival under low-temperature stress.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress significantly reduced survival rates and seedling growth in all genotypes.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- all genotypese1
- Treatment
- CSe1
- Outcome
- survival rates and seedlings growthe1
- Direction
- diminishede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“CS significantly diminished survival rates and seedlings growth in all genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice genotypes differed significantly in their response to ABA application under cold stress and chilling acclimation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- their response to ABA applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e2“significant variations were observed in their response to ABA application under CS and CA conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application promoted growth of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- growth-promotinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ABA concentrations increased survival rates of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- survival ratese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- with higher ABA concentrationse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
e2“increased survival rates with higher ABA concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application improved osmotic adjustment in rice seedlings through osmolytes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Compound
- osmolytese3
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente3
- Direction
- improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
e3“it improved osmotic adjustment by osmolytes, which reduced MDA content”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application reduced MDA content in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- MDA contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
e3“it improved osmotic adjustment by osmolytes, which reduced MDA content”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application regulated osmotic and water balance in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- osmotic and water balancee4
- Direction
- regulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
e4“regulated osmotic and water balance”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application decreased membrane lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- membrane lipid peroxidatione5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application displayed growth-promoting”
e5“indicating a decrease in membrane lipid peroxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA application elevated ROS scavenging in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- ROS scavenginge1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Qualifier
- through regulating antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“exogenous ABA application elevated ROS scavenging through regulating antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA application reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and O2 in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous ABA applicatione1
- Outcome
- accumulation of H 2 O 2 and O 2e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“exogenous ABA application elevated ROS scavenging through regulating antioxidant enzyme activities”
e2“reduced the accumulation of H 2 O 2 and O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced growth-related traits and antioxidant enzymes under cold acclimation and cold stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- growth-related traits and antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- in CA and CS conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA enhanced growth-related traits and antioxidant enzymes in CA and CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty µM ABA upregulated the expression of OsABF1, OsPsbR1 and OsPsbR3 under cold stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 µM of ABAe2
- Gene
- OsABF1, OsPsbR1 , and OsPsbR3e2
- Outcome
- gene expressione3
- Direction
- upregulatede2
- Qualifier
- under CS conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e2“50 µM of ABA led to upregulated OsABF1, OsPsbR1 , and OsPsbR3, while the OsABA45 gene was non-significantly affected under CS conditions”
e3“stress-responsive gene expression under CS condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Fifty µM ABA did not significantly affect OsABA45 under cold stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50 µM of ABAe2
- Gene
- OsABA45e2
- Outcome
- the OsABA45 genee2
- Direction
- non-significantly affectede2
- Qualifier
- under CS conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e2“50 µM of ABA led to upregulated OsABF1, OsPsbR1 , and OsPsbR3, while the OsABA45 gene was non-significantly affected under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
A slight downregulation of OsABA45 in cultivar 9311 under chilling acclimation versus control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e4
- Treatment
- CAe4
- Gene
- OsABA45e4
- Outcome
- gene expressione3
- Direction
- downregulatione4
- Qualifier
- slighte4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e4“a slight downregulation was observed with OsABA45 in 9311; OsSNAC1 , and OsRAB16A in NIP under CA versus control”
e3“stress-responsive gene expression under CS condition”
Claim · model-written summary
A slight downregulation of OsSNAC1 and OsRAB16A in NIP under chilling acclimation versus control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- NIPe4
- Treatment
- CAe4
- Gene
- OsSNAC1 , and OsRAB16Ae4
- Outcome
- gene expressione3
- Direction
- downregulatione4
- Qualifier
- slighte4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e4“a slight downregulation was observed with OsABA45 in 9311; OsSNAC1 , and OsRAB16A in NIP under CA versus control”
e3“stress-responsive gene expression under CS condition”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application upregulated the protective gene OsLEA3 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Gene
- OsLEA3e1
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application regulated the expression of key stress-responsive genes, including upregulation of the protective protein-coding gene (OsLEA3)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application downregulated the transcription factor OsDREB2A under cold stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA applicatione1
- Gene
- OsDREB2Ae2
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- downregulatione2
- Qualifier
- under CS conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“ABA application regulated the expression of key stress-responsive genes, including upregulation of the protective protein-coding gene (OsLEA3)”
e2“while downregulation of the primary transcription factor ( OsDREB2A ) under CS conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Modulating ABA signaling pathways can enhance cold tolerance by improving the antioxidant defense system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- modulating ABA signaling pathwayse1
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- by improving the antioxidant defense systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice seedling plants”
e1“modulating ABA signaling pathways can enhance cold tolerance by improving the antioxidant defense system”
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