Abstract
Litchi downy blight, caused by Peronophythora litchii, is a major postharvest disease that leads to severe pericarp browning and fruit decay, significantly reducing market quality. Strengthening the fruit’s innate defense systems represents a promising strategy for minimizing these losses. This study investigated the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of ethephon treatment in controlling postharvest litchi downy blight. The results showed that treatment with 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersion significantly suppressed P. litchii infection, reduced the disease index and pericarp browning index, and enhanced the rate of ethylene production. Ethephon application notably increased 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and the activities of key antioxidant and defense-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Concurrently, it up-regulated the expression of corresponding genes LcCAT, LcAPX, LcCHI, LcGLU, LcPAL. In contrast, ethephon treatment reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In summary, ethephon treatment suppresses postharvest litchi downy blight likely through the enhancement of both antioxidant and pathogen defense capacities. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential application of ethephon for maintaining postharvest quality in litchi fruit.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Immersion of litchi fruit in 400 mg/L ethephon solution for 2 min significantly suppressed Peronophythora litchii infection.
- Treatment
- 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersione0
- Interactor
- P. litchiiPhytophthora litchiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. litchii infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
LitchiNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersion significantly suppressed P. litchii infection”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethephon treatment reduced the disease index and the pericarp browning index.
- Treatment
- 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersione1
- Outcome
- disease index and pericarp browning indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the disease index and pericarp browning index”
e1“treatment with 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersion”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethephon treatment enhanced the rate of ethylene production.
- Treatment
- 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersione1
- Outcome
- rate of ethylene productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the rate of ethylene production”
e1“treatment with 400 mg·L−1 ethephon solution via a 2-min immersion”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon application notably increased DPPH scavenging activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon application notably increased 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon application notably increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and APX.
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of key antioxidant and defense-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)”
e1“Ethephon application notably increased”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon application notably increased the activities of the defense-related enzymes CHI, GLU and PAL.
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione1
- Outcome
- chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of key antioxidant and defense-related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)”
e1“Ethephon application notably increased”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment up-regulated the expression of the antioxidant genes LcCAT and LcAPX.
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione1
- Gene
- LcCAT, LcAPXe0
- Outcome
- expression of corresponding genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulated the expression of corresponding genes LcCAT, LcAPX, LcCHI, LcGLU, LcPAL”
e1“Ethephon application”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment up-regulated the expression of the defense genes LcCHI, LcGLU and LcPAL.
- Treatment
- Ethephon applicatione1
- Gene
- LcCHI, LcGLU, LcPALe0
- Outcome
- expression of corresponding genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulated the expression of corresponding genes LcCAT, LcAPX, LcCHI, LcGLU, LcPAL”
e1“Ethephon application”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde.
- Treatment
- ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon treatment reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“Litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment suppresses postharvest litchi downy blight likely through enhancement of both antioxidant and pathogen defense capacities.
- Treatment
- ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- postharvest litchi downy blighte0
- Qualifier
- enhancement of both antioxidant and pathogen defense capacitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon treatment suppresses postharvest litchi downy blight likely through the enhancement of both antioxidant and pathogen defense capacities”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: phytochemicals · LitchiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · molecular: expression · LitchiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · disease · LitchiResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.