Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: Expression of the Arabidopsis phytyl ester synthase PES2 in Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplasts resulted in the accumulation of fatty acid phytyl esters and wax diesters containing the novel alkanediol 1,6-hexadecanediol. Dihydric long-chain alcohols carrying two hydroxyl groups are low abundant in plants and are mostly found in the cutin layer of leaves or the suberin of roots. Transient expression of the phytyl ester synthase PES2 from Arabidopsis thaliana in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the accumulation of fatty acid phytyl esters (FAPEs) and of a new lipid class that was identified as wax diesters of 1,6-hexadecanediol, carrying mostly lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0) residues. The synthesis of FAPE and wax diesters was only observed when PES2 was targeted to the chloroplasts, in agreement with the finding that both FAPE and wax diesters are chloroplast-localized. The accumulation of wax diesters following PES2 expression demonstrates that the dihydric long-chain alcohol, 1,6-hexadecanediol, is an authentic compound produced in N. benthamiana chloroplasts. 1,6-Hexadecanediol in N. benthamiana is likely synthesized by a chloroplast-localized fatty acid reductase (FAR) in combination with a P450 monooxygenase. PES2-mediated acylation might result in chloroplast-trapping of 1,6-hexadecanediol which is possibly an intermediate in the biosynthesis of functional compounds in leaves or other plant organs.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
PES2 expression accumulated fatty acid phytyl esters.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Transient expression of the phytyl ester synthase PES2e0
- Gene
- PES2e0
- Outcome
- fatty acid phytyl esters (FAPEs)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of the phytyl ester synthase PES2 from Arabidopsis thaliana in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the accumulation of fatty acid phytyl esters (FAPEs)”
Claim · model-written summary
PES2 expression accumulated wax diesters of 1,6-hexadecanediol.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of the phytyl ester synthase PES2e0
- Gene
- PES2e0
- Outcome
- wax diesters of 1,6-hexadecanediole0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of the phytyl ester synthase PES2 from Arabidopsis thaliana in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the accumulation of fatty acid phytyl esters (FAPEs) and of a new lipid class that was identified as wax diesters of 1,6-hexadecanediol”
Claim · model-written summary
Wax diesters mostly contained lauric and myristic acid residues.
- Outcome
- lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0) residuese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“wax diesters of 1,6-hexadecanediol, carrying mostly lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0) residues”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
FAPE and wax diester synthesis occurred only with chloroplast-targeted PES2.
- Treatment
- PES2 was targeted to the chloroplastse0
- Gene
- PES2e0
- Outcome
- synthesis of FAPE and wax diesterse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The synthesis of FAPE and wax diesters was only observed when PES2 was targeted to the chloroplasts”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
FAPE and wax diesters localized to chloroplasts.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both FAPE and wax diesters are chloroplast-localized”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that 1,6-hexadecanediol is produced in N. benthamiana chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Outcome
- 1,6-hexadecanediol, is an authentic compound produced in N. benthamiana chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,6-hexadecanediol, is an authentic compound produced in N. benthamiana chloroplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
FAR and P450 likely synthesize 1,6-hexadecanediol.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- fatty acid reductase (FAR)e0
- Outcome
- 1,6-Hexadecanediole0
- Qualifier
- likely synthesizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,6-Hexadecanediol in N. benthamiana is likely synthesized by a chloroplast-localized fatty acid reductase (FAR) in combination with a P450 monooxygenase”
Claim · model-written summary
PES2 acylation may trap 1,6-hexadecanediol in chloroplasts.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“PES2-mediated acylation might result in chloroplast-trapping of 1,6-hexadecanediol”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.