Abstract
Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop in Kashmir temperate zones, used for both human consumption and cattle feed. Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) caused by Bipolaris maydis is an emerging concern for maize cultivation in the Kashmir Valley. This disease poses a substantial threat to maize farming in this region which is need for disease surveillance and management strategies.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of SCLB in Kashmir as well as to investigate the efficacy of various fungicides and botanicals against B. maydis under in vitro conditions. Methods: To document the disease incidence and severity, survey was carried out in six districts of Kashmir during the kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023. The antifungal efficacy of botanical extracts along with systemic and non-systemic fungicides were evaluated against B. maydis under laboratory conditions. Result: Field surveys during kharif season of 2022 and 2023 across six districts showed significant variability in disease incidence and severity which is influenced by temperature, humidity and altitude. The highest disease incidence (18.3%) and severity (15.6%) were recorded in Anantnag and Budgam districts of Kashmir, respectively, while Baramulla showed the lowest incidence (4.16%). Among systemic fungicides, Propiconazole exhibited the highest efficacy and when combined with Carbendazim, recorded 100% mycelial growth inhibition. Mancozeb, a non-systemic fungicide, also showed strong inhibition activity up to 93.4% at 500 ppm. Hexaconazole was the least effective among the systemics, especially at lower concentrations. Botanical extracts were also tested for antifungal potential. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) at 20% concentration exhibited the highest inhibition (93.44%) due to its active compounds like curcuminoids.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence and severity varied significantly with temperature, humidity and altitude.
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye0
- Qualifier
- temperature, humidity and altitudee0
- Setting
- six districtse0
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field surveys during kharif season of 2022 and 2023 across six districts showed significant variability in disease incidence and severity which is influenced by temperature, humidity and altitude”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest disease incidence was 18.3% in Anantnag.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest disease incidence (18.3%) and severity (15.6%) were recorded in Anantnag and Budgam districts of Kashmir, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest disease severity was 15.6% in Budgam.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest disease incidence (18.3%) and severity (15.6%) were recorded in Anantnag and Budgam districts of Kashmir, respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Baramulla had the lowest incidence at 4.16%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while Baramulla showed the lowest incidence (4.16%)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole had the highest efficacy among systemic fungicides.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among systemic fungicides, Propiconazole exhibited the highest efficacy”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole with Carbendazim inhibited pathogen mycelial growth by 100%.
- Treatment
- Carbendazime0
- Interactor
- Bipolaris maydis
Bipolaris maydist1pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when combined with Carbendazim, recorded 100% mycelial growth inhibition”
t0“Maize”
t1“caused by Bipolaris maydis”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb inhibited mycelial growth by up to 93.4% at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mancozeb, a non-systemic fungicide, also showed strong inhibition activity up to 93.4% at 500 ppm”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole was least effective among systemic fungicides, especially at lower concentrations.
- Treatment
- Hexaconazolee0
- Outcome
- least effectivee0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
- Qualifier
- lower concentrationse0
- Comparator
- the systemicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hexaconazole was the least effective among the systemics, especially at lower concentrations”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Turmeric extract at 20% gave the highest inhibition at 93.44%.
- Treatment
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa) at 20% concentratione0
- Compound
- curcuminoidse0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 93.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Turmeric (Curcuma longa) at 20% concentration exhibited the highest inhibition (93.44%) due to its active compounds like curcuminoids”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
mancozeb · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Curcuma longa · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbendazim · Bipolaris maydis · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
propiconazole · control · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.