Paper · 2025 · Plants

Effects of Plant Density and Fertilization on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Panteleimon Stavropoulos; Antonios Mavroeidis; Antigolena Folina; et al.

11
claims
22
verbatim quotes
1
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

L.) is a retrovative crop with highly nutritious seeds. The study aimed to assess the effect of plant density and type of fertilizer on crop growth and productivity. A three-year experiment was conducted at the Agricultural University of Athens, focusing on two densities (D1 and D2) and four fertilizers (urea with inhibitors (I), organic (O), urea (U) and control (C)). Measurements included plant height, dry weight, number of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, Thousand Seeds Weight (TSW), yield, Harvest Index (HI), seed oil content and oil yield. Fertilization increased plant height (14.6-15.2%), dry weight (34.1%) and number of capsules (24.9%). D2 improved biomass production by 52.6%, while D1 increased the number of capsules by 16.4%. TSW increased by 6.7 and 23.9% at D2 and fertilized treatments, respectively. Yield, HI and oil yield were affected by the interaction of density and fertilization, while seed oil content was affected only by fertilization. D2I increased yield by 67.9% compared to D2C, while oil yield increased over twofold. Overall, flax represents a promising alternative crop against climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilization increased flax height by 14.6-15.2%.

Treatment
Fertilizatione0
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
increasede0
Value
14.6-15.2%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilization increased plant height (14.6-15.2%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–606 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilization increased dry weight by 34.1%.

Treatment
Fertilizatione0
Outcome
dry weighte0
Direction
increasede0
Value
34.1%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilization increased plant height (14.6-15.2%), dry weight (34.1%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–626 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilization increased capsule number by 24.9%.

Treatment
Fertilizatione0
Outcome
number of capsulese0
Direction
increasede0
Value
24.9%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilization increased plant height (14.6-15.2%), dry weight (34.1%) and number of capsules (24.9%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–657 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D2 increased biomass production by 52.6%.

Treatment
D2e0
Outcome
biomass productione0
Direction
improvede0
Value
52.6%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“D2 improved biomass production by 52.6%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 659–698 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D1 increased capsule number by 16.4%.

Treatment
D1e0
Outcome
number of capsulese0
Direction
increasede0
Value
16.4%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“D1 increased the number of capsules by 16.4%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 706–750 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D2 increased thousand-seed weight by 6.7%.

Treatment
D2e0
Outcome
TSWe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
6.7e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“TSW increased by 6.7 and 23.9% at D2 and fertilized treatments, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–828 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fertilized treatments increased thousand-seed weight by 23.9%.

Treatment
fertilized treatmentse0
Outcome
TSWe0
Direction
increasede0
Value
23.9%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“TSW increased by 6.7 and 23.9% at D2 and fertilized treatments, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–828 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Density and fertilization interacted in their effect on yield, harvest index, and oil yield.

Treatment
density and fertilizatione0
Outcome
Yield, HI and oil yielde0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Yield, HI and oil yield were affected by the interaction of density and fertilization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–915 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed oil content was affected only by fertilization.

Treatment
fertilizatione0
Outcome
seed oil contente0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“seed oil content was affected only by fertilization”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 923–974 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D2I raised yield by 67.9% relative to D2C.

Treatment
D2Ie0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
67.9%e0
Comparator
D2Ce0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“D2I increased yield by 67.9% compared to D2C”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 976–1020 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

D2I more than doubled oil yield.

Treatment
D2Ie0
Outcome
oil yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Value
over twofolde0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“D2I increased yield by 67.9% compared to D2C, while oil yield increased over twofold”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 976–1060 · show in text ↑
t0

“Flax”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–80 · show in text ↑

fertilization · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ

95 papers: 84 positive, 11 negative or no effect

83 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

91 papers more in this group

See all 95 papers →

fertilization · growth · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results

32 papers: 24 positive, 8 negative or no effect

23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

28 papers more in this group

See all 32 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.