Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used to enhance table grape quality, yet cultivar-specific responses and microstructural outcomes remain insufficiently resolved. We evaluated five PGRs—gibberellic acid (GA3), 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), forchlorfenuron (CPPU), thidiazuron (TDZ), and streptomycin (SM)—in ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Red Muscat of Alexandria’. Twelve combinations were applied at full bloom (D0) and 14 days post-anthesis (D14), and morphological, physiological, and histological traits were monitored over 104 days. In ‘Shine Muscat’, GA3 + TDZ and GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness, while CPPU and TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size via cortical expansion. GA3 increased berry weight but caused rachis thickening and reduced total soluble solids (TSS). EBR at concentrations ≥ 0.2 mg L−1 inhibited berry growth, and SM reduced berry size and weight. Histology showed that TDZ and CPPU enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness, potentially strengthening pericarp robustness, whereas GA3 enlarged vascular bundle area. ‘Red Muscat of Alexandria’ showed generally weaker responses, reflecting differences between Vitis vinifera and hybrid backgrounds. These results demonstrate that combinatorial PGR strategies can be tailored to optimize berry development and quality through coordinated regulation of growth, metabolism, and microstructure. TDZ and CPPU exhibit strong production potential for enlargement, whereas GA3 and EBR require careful dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 + TDZ achieved nearly 100% seedlessness in Shine Muscat.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- ‘Shine Muscat’e0
- Treatment
- GA3 + TDZe0
- Outcome
- seedlessnesse0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Shine Muscat’, GA3 + TDZ and GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness, while CPPU and TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size via cortical expansion.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness in Shine Muscat.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- ‘Shine Muscat’e0
- Treatment
- GA3 + CPPUe0
- Outcome
- seedlessnesse0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Shine Muscat’, GA3 + TDZ and GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness, while CPPU and TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size via cortical expansion.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU markedly increased berry weight and size in Shine Muscat.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- ‘Shine Muscat’e0
- Treatment
- CPPUe0
- Outcome
- berry weight and sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- via cortical expansione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Shine Muscat’, GA3 + TDZ and GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness, while CPPU and TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size via cortical expansion.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size in Shine Muscat.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Material
- ‘Shine Muscat’e0
- Treatment
- TDZe0
- Outcome
- berry weight and sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- via cortical expansione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Shine Muscat’, GA3 + TDZ and GA3 + CPPU achieved nearly 100% seedlessness, while CPPU and TDZ markedly increased berry weight and size via cortical expansion.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased berry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA3 increased berry weight but caused rachis thickening and reduced total soluble solids (TSS).”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 caused rachis thickening.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“GA3 increased berry weight but caused rachis thickening and reduced total soluble solids (TSS).”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced total soluble solids.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA3 increased berry weight but caused rachis thickening and reduced total soluble solids (TSS).”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR at ≥ 0.2 mg L−1 inhibited berry growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“EBR at concentrations ≥ 0.2 mg L−1 inhibited berry growth, and SM reduced berry size and weight.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
SM reduced berry size and weight.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“EBR at concentrations ≥ 0.2 mg L−1 inhibited berry growth, and SM reduced berry size and weight.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Treatment
- TDZe0
- Outcome
- cortical area and epidermal thicknesse0
- Direction
- enlargede0
- Qualifier
- potentially strengthening pericarp robustnesse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Histology showed that TDZ and CPPU enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness, potentially strengthening pericarp robustness, whereas GA3 enlarged vascular bundle area.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness.
- Taxon
- Grapest0
- Treatment
- CPPUe0
- Outcome
- cortical area and epidermal thicknesse0
- Direction
- enlargede0
- Qualifier
- potentially strengthening pericarp robustnesse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Histology showed that TDZ and CPPU enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness, potentially strengthening pericarp robustness, whereas GA3 enlarged vascular bundle area.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 enlarged vascular bundle area.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Histology showed that TDZ and CPPU enlarged cortical area and epidermal thickness, potentially strengthening pericarp robustness, whereas GA3 enlarged vascular bundle area.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Muscat of Alexandria generally responded less strongly to the regulators.
Verbatim
e0“‘Red Muscat of Alexandria’ showed generally weaker responses, reflecting differences between Vitis vinifera and hybrid backgrounds.”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ has strong production potential for berry enlargement.
Verbatim
e0“TDZ and CPPU exhibit strong production potential for enlargement, whereas GA3 and EBR require careful dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
CPPU has strong production potential for berry enlargement.
Verbatim
e0“TDZ and CPPU exhibit strong production potential for enlargement, whereas GA3 and EBR require careful dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 requires dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.
Verbatim
e0“TDZ and CPPU exhibit strong production potential for enlargement, whereas GA3 and EBR require careful dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.”
t0“Grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
EBR requires dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.
Verbatim
e0“TDZ and CPPU exhibit strong production potential for enlargement, whereas GA3 and EBR require careful dose optimization to balance benefits and quality risks.”
t0“Grapes”
The same questions in other papers
24-epi-brassinolide · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
streptomycin · yield · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Thidiazuron · yield · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
forchlorfenuron · yield · VitisResults agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.