Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2024 at the Agronomy Farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat, Raigad (M.S.) to assess the effects of spacing, nutrient levels, and bio-stimulant application on growth, yield, and quality of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The study was arranged in a split-plot design with 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice, comprising three spacings (20 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, and 30 cm × 15 cm), two nutrient levels (100% and 75% RDF), and three bio-stimulant treatments (control, irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm, and @ 100 ppm). Results indicated that wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm) significantly enhanced growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, and nutrient uptake. Application of 100% RDF improved growth and yield over 75% RDF, while foliar application of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm proved superior to control and 100 ppm for growth, yield, and physiological traits. Economic analysis revealed that 30 cm × 15 cm spacing with 75% RDF and irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm yielded the highest net returns and benefit-cost ratio. The study suggests that applying 75% RDF with four foliar sprays of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm is a cost-effective strategy for maximizing yield and profitability in kharif rice under Konkan conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wider 30 cm × 15 cm spacing significantly enhanced growth parameters and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm)e0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, yield attributese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- transplanted field conditionst0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm) significantly enhanced growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, and nutrient uptake”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) under transplanted field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider 30 cm × 15 cm spacing significantly enhanced grain yield.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm) significantly enhanced growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, and nutrient uptake”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider 30 cm × 15 cm spacing significantly enhanced nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm)e0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wider spacing (30 cm × 15 cm) significantly enhanced growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, and nutrient uptake”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
100% RDF improved rice growth and yield over 75% RDF.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDFe0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 75% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100% RDF improved growth and yield over 75% RDF”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated chitosan at 50 ppm outperformed control and 100 ppm for growth and yield.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- growth, yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- control and 100 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm proved superior to control and 100 ppm for growth, yield, and physiological traits”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiated chitosan at 50 ppm outperformed control and 100 ppm for physiological traits.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- physiological traitse0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- control and 100 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm proved superior to control and 100 ppm for growth, yield, and physiological traits”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 cm × 15 cm spacing, 75% RDF and 50 ppm chitosan combination yielded the highest net returns.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm × 15 cm spacing with 75% RDF and irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 cm × 15 cm spacing with 75% RDF and irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm yielded the highest net returns and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination had the highest benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 30 cm × 15 cm spacing with 75% RDF and irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppme0
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 cm × 15 cm spacing with 75% RDF and irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm yielded the highest net returns and benefit-cost ratio”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 75% RDF plus four 50 ppm chitosan foliar sprays for profitable kharif rice in Konkan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- applying 75% RDF with four foliar sprays of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppme0
- Setting
- Konkane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 75% RDF with four foliar sprays of irradiated chitosan @ 50 ppm is a cost-effective strategy for maximizing yield and profitability in kharif rice under Konkan conditions”
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