Abstract
Microgreens are nutrient-dense seedlings known for their high concentrations of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of multi-corona discharge plasma treatment on kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica ) seed germination, growth, antioxidant activity, and metabolite composition. Seeds were exposed to positive and negative DC corona discharges at voltages of ±15, ±22.5, and ±30 kV for 30, 60, and 90 s. While non-thermal plasma treatment reduced growth parameters compared to the untreated control, it significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content. Under the +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polarity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %, FRAP value from 9.62 ± 0.04 to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW, total phenolic content from 15.59 ± 0.02 to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content from 58.01 ± 0.12 to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW. Additionally, H₂O₂ content increased significantly in treated seeds (24.94 ± 0.46 vs 18.51 ± 0.23 nmol/g FW), indicating mild oxidative stress. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of metabolites related to antioxidant pathways, including glucosinolates, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and nucleosides. Notably, metabolites such as sinapine, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and isorhamnetin 3-galactoside were enriched in treated samples. These findings suggest that plasma-induced reactive species act as abiotic stressors, activating the phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolic pathways, ultimately enhancing phytochemical accumulation. This study supports the use of corona plasma treatment as a novel seed priming strategy to improve the nutritional value of microgreens without causing oxidative damage, albeit with some reduction in early growth, underscoring the need to optimize treatment intensity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Plasma treatment reduced early growth versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- non-thermal plasma treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While non-thermal plasma treatment reduced growth parameters compared to the untreated control, it significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasma treatment significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- non-thermal plasma treatmente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activity and bioactive compound contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While non-thermal plasma treatment reduced growth parameters compared to the untreated control, it significantly enhanced antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
At +30 kV for 90 s, DPPH scavenging capacity rose from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polaritye0
- Outcome
- DPPH radical scavenging capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61.24 ± 0.42 %e0
- Qualifier
- 43.29 ± 0.46 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polarity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %, FRAP value from 9.62 ± 0.04 to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW, total phenolic content from 15.59 ± 0.02 to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content from 58.01 ± 0.12 to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
At +30 kV for 90 s, FRAP rose to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polaritye0
- Outcome
- FRAP valuee0
- Value
- 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DWe0
- Qualifier
- 9.62 ± 0.04e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polarity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %, FRAP value from 9.62 ± 0.04 to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW, total phenolic content from 15.59 ± 0.02 to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content from 58.01 ± 0.12 to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
At +30 kV for 90 s, total phenolic content rose to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polaritye0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Value
- 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DWe0
- Qualifier
- 15.59 ± 0.02e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polarity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %, FRAP value from 9.62 ± 0.04 to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW, total phenolic content from 15.59 ± 0.02 to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content from 58.01 ± 0.12 to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
At +30 kV for 90 s, total flavonoid content rose to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polaritye0
- Outcome
- total flavonoid contente0
- Value
- 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DWe0
- Qualifier
- 58.01 ± 0.12e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the +30 kV for 90 s treatment with positive polarity, DPPH radical scavenging capacity increased from 43.29 ± 0.46 % to 61.24 ± 0.42 %, FRAP value from 9.62 ± 0.04 to 11.48 ± 0.02 mg Fe(II)/g DW, total phenolic content from 15.59 ± 0.02 to 17.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content from 58.01 ± 0.12 to 64.35 ± 0.14 mg RE/g DW.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds had significantly higher H₂O₂ content.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- treated seedse0
- Outcome
- H₂O₂ contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.94 ± 0.46e0
- Qualifier
- 18.51 ± 0.23 nmol/g FWe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, H₂O₂ content increased significantly in treated seeds (24.94 ± 0.46 vs 18.51 ± 0.23 nmol/g FW), indicating mild oxidative stress.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated samples showed upregulation of antioxidant pathway metabolites.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- treated samplese1
- Outcome
- metabolites related to antioxidant pathwayse0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of metabolites related to antioxidant pathways, including glucosinolates, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and nucleosides.”
t0“kale microgreens”
e1“Notably, metabolites such as sinapine, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and isorhamnetin 3-galactoside were enriched in treated samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinapine, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and isorhamnetin 3-galactoside were enriched in treated samples.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- treated samplese0
- Outcome
- sinapine, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and isorhamnetin 3-galactosidee0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, metabolites such as sinapine, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and isorhamnetin 3-galactoside were enriched in treated samples.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest plasma reactive species activate secondary metabolic pathways and enhance phytochemical accumulation.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- phytochemical accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- plasma-induced reactive species act as abiotic stressors, activating the phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolic pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that plasma-induced reactive species act as abiotic stressors, activating the phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolic pathways, ultimately enhancing phytochemical accumulation.”
t0“kale microgreens”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors support corona plasma seed priming to improve microgreen nutrition while optimizing intensity for early growth.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- use of corona plasma treatment as a novel seed priming strategy to improve the nutritional value of microgreense0
- Qualifier
- need to optimize treatment intensitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study supports the use of corona plasma treatment as a novel seed priming strategy to improve the nutritional value of microgreens without causing oxidative damage, albeit with some reduction in early growth, underscoring the need to optimize treatment intensity.”
t0“kale microgreens”
The same questions in other papers
physical treatment · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
physical treatment · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.