Abstract
Organic fertilisers release nutrients more slowly than mineral fertilisers, which is why combining organic and mineral fertilisation gives good results in crop cultivation. In the conducted pot experiment, the reaction of oats to compost fertilisation with or without additional nitrogen mineral fertilisation was examined. The following treatments were used: A, control (no fertilisation); B, compost (sewage sludge 80% + sawdust 20%); C, compost (garden and park waste 80% + sawdust 20%); D, compost (sewage sludge 40% + garden and park waste 40% + sawdust 20%); E, compost B with nitrogen fertilisation (30 N kg ha−1); F, compost C with nitrogen fertilisation (30 N kg ha−1); and G, compost D with nitrogen fertilisation (30 N kg ha−1). The study results indicated that the composts used had an altering impact on the soil’s chemical composition by the end of the experiment. Overall, the lowest levels of nutrients were recorded in the control group, indicating that the composts increased soil fertility. Oat plants were better nourished (SPAD—soil–plant analysis development) after fertilisation with sewage sludge composts than garden and park waste composts. However, the most favourable results were obtained in the treatments where organic fertilisation (composts) was combined with mineral fertilisation (nitrogen). All fertilisation treatments significantly enhanced plant height and the number of panicles in the pot compared to the control. The highest values for the number of grains in the panicle, thousand-grain weight, grain mass from the pot, and protein content in the grain were observed after applying organic–mineral fertilisation. Therefore, fertilisation with composts, especially composts combined with mineral nitrogen, can be recommended for oat cultivation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Composts increased soil fertility compared with the unfertilised control.
- Taxon
- Oats
Avena sativat0 - Treatment
- compostse1
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e1“the lowest levels of nutrients were recorded in the control group, indicating that the composts increased soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Oat plants were better nourished after sewage sludge composts than after garden and park waste composts.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae2
- Treatment
- sewage sludge compostse2
- Outcome
- better nourishede2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- garden and park waste compostse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e2“Oat plants were better nourished (SPAD—soil–plant analysis development) after fertilisation with sewage sludge composts than garden and park waste composts”
Claim · model-written summary
The most favourable results were obtained with organic fertilisation (composts) combined with mineral nitrogen fertilisation.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- organic fertilisation (composts)e3
- Outcome
- most favourable resultse3
- Direction
- most favourablee3
- Qualifier
- combined with mineral fertilisation (nitrogen)e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e3“the most favourable results were obtained in the treatments where organic fertilisation (composts) was combined with mineral fertilisation (nitrogen)”
Claim · model-written summary
All fertilisation treatments significantly enhanced oat plant height and the number of panicles compared with the control.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- All fertilisation treatmentse4
- Outcome
- plant height and the number of paniclese4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- the controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e4“All fertilisation treatments significantly enhanced plant height and the number of panicles in the pot compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic–mineral fertilisation gave the highest grains per panicle, thousand-grain weight and grain mass per pot.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- organic–mineral fertilisatione5
- Outcome
- number of grains in the panicle, thousand-grain weight, grain mass from the pote5
- Direction
- highest valuese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e5“The highest values for the number of grains in the panicle, thousand-grain weight, grain mass from the pot, and protein content in the grain were observed after applying organic–mineral fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic–mineral fertilisation gave the highest protein content in oat grain.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- organic–mineral fertilisatione5
- Outcome
- protein content in the graine5
- Direction
- highest valuese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e5“The highest values for the number of grains in the panicle, thousand-grain weight, grain mass from the pot, and protein content in the grain were observed after applying organic–mineral fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
Composts combined with mineral nitrogen can be recommended for oat cultivation.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae6
- Outcome
- fertilisation with composts, especially composts combined with mineral nitrogene6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e6“Therefore, fertilisation with composts, especially composts combined with mineral nitrogen, can be recommended for oat cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Composts had an altering impact on the soil chemical composition by the end of the experiment.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- compostse7
- Outcome
- chemical compositione7
- Direction
- alteringe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Response of Oats”
e7“the composts used had an altering impact on the soil’s chemical composition by the end of the experiment”
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