Abstract
L. Walp.) is a species with superior tolerance to drought stress compared to other legumes. It is a promising crop with increasing importance in the face of global climate changes. Local forms, well adapted to particular agro-climatic conditions, are useful germplasm resources. Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces, which had displayed differences in osmotic stress tolerance at the germination stage, were subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage (plants with expanded trifoliate leaves). All local forms responded to the imposed stress by biomass and leaf area diminution, a slight increase in leaf water deficit and electrolyte leakage, proline accumulation in roots and leaves, and an increase in root starch and leaf phenol content. Roots presented more pronounced metabolic changes than leaves, including increased total antioxidant activity, phenolic and carbohydrate content, and proline accumulation. Under osmotic stress, tight control of oxidative stress and concerted upregulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase activities in leaves were registered along with changes in certain specific isoforms, while glutathione reductase activity diminished. Antioxidant enzyme activities had different changes in stressed roots, compared to leaves, and among genotypes. The accession most sensitive to osmotic stress at germination presented more symptoms of oxidative stress at the vegetative growth stage.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Severe osmotic stress reduced biomass and leaf area in all five cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagee2
- Treatment
- severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media)e2
- Outcome
- biomass and leaf areae1
- Direction
- diminutione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e1“All local forms responded to the imposed stress by biomass and leaf area diminution”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress slightly increased leaf water deficit and electrolyte leakage in cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Treatment
- severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media)e2
- Outcome
- leaf water deficit and electrolyte leakagee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- slighte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e3“a slight increase in leaf water deficit and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased proline accumulation in roots and leaves of cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese4
- Treatment
- severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media)e2
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione4
- Direction
- accumulatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e4“proline accumulation in roots and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased root starch and leaf phenol content in cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Treatment
- severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media)e2
- Outcome
- root starch and leaf phenol contente5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e5“an increase in root starch and leaf phenol content”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots showed more pronounced metabolic changes than leaves under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse6
- Outcome
- metabolic changese6
- Direction
- more pronouncede6
- Comparator
- leavese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e6“Roots presented more pronounced metabolic changes than leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots under osmotic stress showed increased total antioxidant activity, phenolic and carbohydrate content.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse6
- Treatment
- severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media)e2
- Outcome
- total antioxidant activity, phenolic and carbohydrate contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e6“Roots presented more pronounced metabolic changes than leaves”
e7“including increased total antioxidant activity, phenolic and carbohydrate content, and proline accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione transferase activities in leaves.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferasee3
- Direction
- upregulatione3
- Qualifier
- changes in certain specific isoformse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e3“Under osmotic stress, tight control of oxidative stress and concerted upregulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase activities in leaves were registered along with changes in certain specific isoforms, while glutathione reductase activity diminished”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress increased peroxidase activity in leaves of cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse3
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitiese3
- Direction
- upregulatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e3“Under osmotic stress, tight control of oxidative stress and concerted upregulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase activities in leaves were registered along with changes in certain specific isoforms, while glutathione reductase activity diminished”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic stress diminished glutathione reductase activity in leaves of cowpea local forms.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Five Bulgarian cowpea landracese0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse3
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase activitye3
- Direction
- diminishede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e0“Five Bulgarian cowpea landraces”
e2“subjected to severe stress (15% PEG 6000 in Hoagland nutrient media) during 16 days at the vegetative growth stage”
e3“Under osmotic stress, tight control of oxidative stress and concerted upregulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase activities in leaves were registered along with changes in certain specific isoforms, while glutathione reductase activity diminished”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities changed differently in stressed roots than in leaves and among genotypes.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- stressed rootse3
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzyme activitiese3
- Qualifier
- among genotypese3
- Comparator
- leavese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e3“Antioxidant enzyme activities had different changes in stressed roots, compared to leaves, and among genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The accession most sensitive to osmotic stress at germination showed more oxidative stress symptoms at the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- accessione3
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagee3
- Outcome
- symptoms of oxidative stresse3
- Direction
- moree3
- Qualifier
- most sensitive to osmotic stress at germinatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Local Forms of Vigna unguiculata”
e3“The accession most sensitive to osmotic stress at germination presented more symptoms of oxidative stress at the vegetative growth stage”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: water · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →drought · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →in vitro · physiology: water · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
in vitro · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.