Abstract
To explore the feasibility of integrated deficit water-biogas slurry irrigation under indirect subsurface drip irrigation, three deficit irrigation levels (60%FC, 70%FC, and 80%FC; FC represents field capacity) were established during the three growth stages of tomatoes. The results indicated that biogas slurry irrigation treatments increased the soil organic matter content in the root zone and water use efficiency (WUE) and reduced soil pH. As the degree of deficit increased, the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes decreased significantly (p < 0.05), particularly during the seedling and flowering-fruiting stages. A mild deficit during the seedling stage was beneficial for subsequent plant growth, yielding maximum leaf area (6871.42 cm2 plant−1). Moderate deficit treatment at the seedling stage maximized yield, which was 19.79% higher than the control treatment in 2020 and 19.22% higher in 2021. The WUE of severe deficit treatment at the maturity stage increased by 26.6% (2020) and 31.04% (2021) compared to the control treatment. Comprehensive evaluation using TOPSIS combined with the weighted method revealed that severe deficit treatment at the maturity stage provided the best comprehensive benefits for tomatoes. In summary, deficit irrigation at different growth stages positively influenced tomato growth, quality, and soil environment in response to water-biogas slurry irrigation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biogas slurry irrigation increased root-zone soil organic matter and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- biogas slurry irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter content in the root zone and water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biogas slurry irrigation treatments increased the soil organic matter content in the root zone and water use efficiency (WUE)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biogas slurry irrigation reduced soil pH.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biogas slurryt0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and reduced soil pH.”
t0“Tomato Growth and Soil Environment Properties to Integrated Deficit Water-Biogas Slurry Application”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water deficit significantly reduced tomato height and stem diameter.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- degree of deficite0
- Outcome
- plant height and stem diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- p < 0.05e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the degree of deficit increased, the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes decreased significantly (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
A mild seedling-stage deficit produced maximum later leaf area.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mild deficit during the seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6871.42 cm2 plant−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mild deficit during the seedling stage was beneficial for subsequent plant growth, yielding maximum leaf area (6871.42 cm2 plant−1).”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate seedling-stage deficit increased 2020 yield by 19.79% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Moderate deficit treatment at the seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.79%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate deficit treatment at the seedling stage maximized yield, which was 19.79% higher than the control treatment in 2020 and 19.22% higher in 2021.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate seedling-stage deficit increased 2021 yield by 19.22% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Moderate deficit treatment at the seedling stagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.22%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate deficit treatment at the seedling stage maximized yield, which was 19.79% higher than the control treatment in 2020 and 19.22% higher in 2021.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe maturity-stage deficit increased 2020 water use efficiency by 26.6% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- severe deficit treatment at the maturity stagee0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WUE of severe deficit treatment at the maturity stage increased by 26.6% (2020) and 31.04% (2021) compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe maturity-stage deficit increased 2021 water use efficiency by 31.04% versus control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- severe deficit treatment at the maturity stagee0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.04%e0
- Qualifier
- 2021e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The WUE of severe deficit treatment at the maturity stage increased by 26.6% (2020) and 31.04% (2021) compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined TOPSIS evaluation ranked severe maturity-stage deficit as best for tomato benefits.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- severe deficit treatment at the maturity stagee0
- Outcome
- best comprehensive benefitse0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comprehensive evaluation using TOPSIS combined with the weighted method revealed that severe deficit treatment at the maturity stage provided the best comprehensive benefits for tomatoes.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.