Abstract
Bacterial wilt (BW) is a globally serious soil-borne disease in a wide range of plants, caused by diverse strains of Ralstonia solanacearum. However, there are few research reports on melatonin regulating plant resistance against R. solanacearum. N-acetyltransferase SlSNAT2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in plant melatonin synthesis. This study elucidates the mechanisms of SlSNAT2 modulating tomato resistance to BW. SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation. Knocking out SlSNAT2 significantly decreased the melatonin content in CRISPR/Cas9 mutant slsnat2. With R. solanacearum inoculation, the morbidity and disease index value of slsnat2 were significantly higher than those of the tomato wild-type plant Micro-Tom (MT) according to the wilt rate and severity. The chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rates, and callus deposition quantity in slsnat2 were notably lower while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was considerably higher than those in the MT after inoculation. Additionally, the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2), salicylic acid pathway genes (SlGluA, SlPR-1a), jasmonic acid pathway gene SlPin2, and pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes (SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2c, SlPR-STH2d). These results revealed SlSNAT2 enhanced the tomato resistance against R. solanacearum by orchestrating ROS homeostasis, callose deposition, MAPK signaling, hormone pathways, and PR gene transcripts.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 is expressed in tomato roots, stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- roots, stems, and leavese0
- Gene
- SlSNAT2e0
- Outcome
- expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 expression is induced upon inoculation with R. solanacearum in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Gene
- SlSNAT2e0
- Outcome
- expressede0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking out SlSNAT2 significantly decreased melatonin content in the CRISPR/Cas9 mutant slsnat2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CRISPR/Cas9 mutant slsnat2e2
- Treatment
- Knocking out SlSNAT2e2
- Gene
- SlSNAT2e2
- Outcome
- melatonin contente2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e2“Knocking out SlSNAT2 significantly decreased the melatonin content in CRISPR/Cas9 mutant slsnat2”
Claim · model-written summary
With R. solanacearum inoculation, the slsnat2 mutant shows significantly higher morbidity and disease index than the tomato wild-type Micro-Tom (MT).
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- slsnat2e3
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione3
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume3pathogen
- Outcome
- morbidity and disease index valuee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- tomato wild-type plant Micro-Tom (MT)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e3“With R. solanacearum inoculation, the morbidity and disease index value of slsnat2 were significantly higher than those of the tomato wild-type plant Micro-Tom (MT)”
Claim · model-written summary
After R. solanacearum inoculation, chlorophyll levels and photosynthetic rates in slsnat2 are notably lower than in MT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- slsnat2e4
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic ratese4
- Direction
- notably lowere4
- Comparator
- MTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e4“The chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rates, and callus deposition quantity in slsnat2 were notably lower while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was considerably higher than those in the MT after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
After R. solanacearum inoculation, callus deposition in slsnat2 is notably lower than in MT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- slsnat2e4
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione0
- Outcome
- callus deposition quantitye4
- Direction
- notably lowere4
- Comparator
- MTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e4“The chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rates, and callus deposition quantity in slsnat2 were notably lower while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was considerably higher than those in the MT after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
After R. solanacearum inoculation, reactive oxygen species level in slsnat2 is considerably higher than in MT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- R. solanacearum inoculatione0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) levele4
- Direction
- considerably highere4
- Comparator
- MTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e4“The chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rates, and callus deposition quantity in slsnat2 were notably lower while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was considerably higher than those in the MT after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 deficiency depresses expression of MAPK pathway genes SlMPK1 and SlMKK2 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT2 deficiencye5
- Gene
- SlMPK1, SlMKK2e5
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- depressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e5“the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 deficiency depresses expression of salicylic acid pathway genes SlGluA and SlPR-1a in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT2 deficiencye5
- Gene
- SlGluA, SlPR-1ae6
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- depressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e5“the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2)”
e6“salicylic acid pathway genes (SlGluA, SlPR-1a), jasmonic acid pathway gene SlPin2”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 deficiency depresses expression of the jasmonic acid pathway gene SlPin2 in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT2 deficiencye5
- Gene
- SlPin2e6
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- depressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e5“the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2)”
e6“salicylic acid pathway genes (SlGluA, SlPR-1a), jasmonic acid pathway gene SlPin2”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 deficiency depresses expression of pathogenesis-related genes SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b and SlPR-STH2c in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT2 deficiencye5
- Gene
- SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2ce7
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- depressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e5“the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2)”
e7“pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes (SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2c, SlPR-STH2d)”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 deficiency depresses expression of the pathogenesis-related gene SlPR-STH2d in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SlSNAT2 deficiencye5
- Gene
- SlPR-STH2de7
- Outcome
- expressione5
- Direction
- depressede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e5“the SlSNAT2 deficiency depressed the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes (SlMPK1, SlMKK2)”
e7“pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes (SlPR-STH2a, SlPR-STH2b, SlPR-STH2c, SlPR-STH2d)”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSNAT2 enhances tomato resistance to R. solanacearum by orchestrating ROS homeostasis, callose deposition, MAPK signaling, hormone pathways and PR gene transcripts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Gene
- SlSNAT2e1
- Outcome
- resistancee1
- Qualifier
- by orchestrating ROS homeostasis, callose deposition, MAPK signaling, hormone pathways, and PR gene transcriptse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSNAT2 was expressed in tomato roots, stems, and leaves and induced upon R. solanacearum inoculation”
e1“These results revealed SlSNAT2 enhanced the tomato resistance against R. solanacearum by orchestrating ROS homeostasis, callose deposition, MAPK signaling, hormone pathways, and PR gene transcripts”
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